Introduction to Deep Learning in Clinical Neuroscience
Kapitel i bok, 2022

The use of deep learning (DL) is rapidly increasing in clinical neuroscience. The term denotes models with multiple sequential layers of learning algorithms, architecturally similar to neural networks of the brain. We provide examples of DL in analyzing MRI data and discuss potential applications and methodological caveats. Important aspects are data pre-processing, volumetric segmentation, and specific task-performing DL methods, such as CNNs and AEs. Additionally, GAN-expansion and domain mapping are useful DL techniques for generating artificial data and combining several smaller datasets. We present results of DL-based segmentation and accuracy in predicting glioma subtypes based on MRI features. Dice scores range from 0.77 to 0.89. In mixed glioma cohorts, IDH mutation can be predicted with a sensitivity of 0.98 and specificity of 0.97. Results in test cohorts have shown improvements of 5–7% in accuracy, following GAN-expansion of data and domain mapping of smaller datasets. The provided DL examples are promising, although not yet in clinical practice. DL has demonstrated usefulness in data augmentation and for overcoming data variability. DL methods should be further studied, developed, and validated for broader clinical use. Ultimately, DL models can serve as effective decision support systems, and are especially well-suited for time-consuming, detail-focused, and data-ample tasks.

Prediction

Deep learning

Outcome

Glioma

Prognosis

Författare

Eddie de Dios

Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset

Muhaddisa Barat Ali

Chalmers, Elektroteknik, Signalbehandling och medicinsk teknik

Irene Yu-Hua Gu

Chalmers, Elektroteknik

Tomás Gomez Vecchio

Göteborgs universitet

Chenjie Ge

Chalmers, Elektroteknik, Signalbehandling och medicinsk teknik

Asgeir Store Jakola

Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset

Göteborgs universitet

Universitetssykehuset i Trondheim

Acta Neurochirurgica, Supplement

0065-1419 (ISSN) 2197-8395 (eISSN)

79-89

Ämneskategorier

Annan data- och informationsvetenskap

Bioinformatik (beräkningsbiologi)

Datavetenskap (datalogi)

DOI

10.1007/978-3-030-85292-4_11

Mer information

Senast uppdaterat

2023-07-06