Ketoprofen-Induced Formation of Amino Acid Photoadducts: Possible Explanation for Photocontact Allergy to Ketoprofen
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2014

Photocontact allergy is a well-known side effect of topical preparations of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen. Photocontact allergy to ketoprofen appears to induce a large number of photocross allergies to both structurally similar and structurally unrelated compounds. Contact and photocontact allergies are explained by structural modification of skin proteins by the allergen. This complex is recognized by the immune system, which initiates an immune response. We have studied ketoprofen's interaction with amino acids to better understand ketoprofen's photoallergenic ability. Irradiation of ketoprofen and amino acid analogues resulted in four different ketoprofen photodecarboxylation products (6-9) together with a fifth photoproduct (5). Dihydroquinazoline 5 was shown to be a reaction product between the indole moiety of 3-methylindole (Trp analogue) and the primary amine benzylamine (Lys analogue). In presence of air, dihydroquinazoline 5 quickly degrades into stable quinazolinone 12. The corresponding quinazolinone (17) was formed upon irradiation of ketoprofen and the amino acids N-acetyl-L-Trp ethyl ester and L-Lys ethyl ester. The formation of these models of an immunogenic complex starts with the ketoprofen-sensitized formation of singlet oxygen, which reacts with the indole moiety of Trp. The formed intermediate subsequently reacts with the primary amino functionality of Lys, or its analogue, to form a Trp Lys adduct or a mimic thereof. The formation of a specific immunogenic complex that does not contain the allergen but that can still induce photocontact allergy would explain the large number of photocross allergies with ketoprofen. These allergens do not have to be structurally similar as long as they can generate singlet oxygen. To the best of our knowledge, there is no other suggested explanation for ketoprofen's photoallergenic properties that can account for the observed photocross allergies. The formation of a specific immunogenic complex that does not contain the allergen is a novel hypothesis in the field of contact and photocontact allergy.

KETONES

OXYGEN

FORMYLATION

REACTIVITY

CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS

PHOTOALLERGIC CONTACT-DERMATITIS

PHOTOSENSITIZATION

MECHANISM

TIAPROFENIC

BENZOPHENONE

ACID

Författare

I. Karlsson

Göteborgs universitet

Elin Persson

Göteborgs universitet

Andreas Ekebergh

Chalmers, Kemi- och bioteknik, Organisk kemi

Jerker Mårtensson

Chalmers, Kemi- och bioteknik, Organisk kemi

Anna Börje

Göteborgs universitet

Chemical Research in Toxicology

0893-228X (ISSN) 1520-5010 (eISSN)

Vol. 27 7 1294-1303

Ämneskategorier

Organisk kemi

DOI

10.1021/tx5001656

Mer information

Skapat

2017-10-08