Fundamental Characterization of Low Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials for 3D Electronics Packaging
Doktorsavhandling, 2021

Transistor miniaturization has over the last half century paved the way for higher value electronics every year along an exponential pace known as 'Moore's law'. Now, as the industry is reaching transistor features that no longer makes economic sense, this way of developing integrated circuits (ICs) is coming to its definitive end. As a solution to this problem, the industry is moving toward higher hanging fruits that can enable larger sets of functionalities and ensuring a sustained performance increase to continue delivering more cost-effective ICs every product cycle. These design strategies beyond Moore's law put emphasis on 3D stacking and heterogeneous integration, which if implemented correctly, will deliver a continued development of ICs for a foreseeable future. However, this way of building semiconductor systems does bring new issues to the table as this generation of devices will place additional demands on materials to be successful.

The international roadmap of devices and systems (IRDS) highlights the need for improved materials to remove bottlenecks in contemporary as well as future systems in terms of thermal dissipation and interconnect performance. For this very purpose, low dimensional carbon nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are suggested as potential candidates due to their superior thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. Therefore, a successful implementation of these materials will ensure a continued performance to cost development of IC devices.

This thesis presents a research study on some fundamental materials growth and reliability aspects of low dimensional carbon based thermal interface materials (TIMs) and interconnects for electronics packaging applications. Novel TIMs and interconnects based on CNT arrays and graphene are fabricated and investigated for their thermal resistance contributions as well electrical performance. The materials are studied and optimized with the support of chemical and structural characterization. Furthermore, a reliability study was performed which found delamination issues in CNT array TIMs due to high strains from thermal expansion mismatches. This study concludes that CNT length is an important factor when designing CNT based systems and the results show that by further interface engineering, reliability can be substantially improved with maintained thermal dissipation and electrical performance. Additionally, a heat treatment study was made that enables improvement of the bulk crystallinity of the materials which will enable even better performance in future applications.

Reliability aspects

Graphene

Thermal management

Carbon nanotubes

Electrical interconnects. Thermal interface material

Heat treatment.

Online - Passcode: 823896
Opponent: Prof. Jinbo Bai, Department of Mechanical Civil Engineering Ecole CentraleSupelec, Paris-Saclay Universiy, France

Författare

Andreas Nylander

Chalmers, Mikroteknologi och nanovetenskap, Elektronikmaterial

Current status and progress of organic functionalization of CNT based thermal interface materials for electronics cooling applications

2017 IMAPS Nordic Conference on Microelectronics Packaging (NordPac),;(2017)p. 175-181

Paper i proceeding

Covalent anchoring of carbon nanotube-based thermal interface materials using epoxy-silane monolayers

IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology,;Vol. 9(2019)p. 427-433

Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift

Reliability investigation of a carbon nanotube array thermal interface material

Energies,;Vol. 12(2019)

Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift

Synthesis of a Graphene Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Film by Joule Self-heating CVD for Thermal Applications

Proceedings - Electronic Components and Technology Conference,;(2018)

Paper i proceeding

Degradation of Carbon Nanotube Array Thermal Interface Materials through Thermal Aging: Effects of Bonding, Array Height, and Catalyst Oxidation

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,;Vol. 13(2021)p. 30992-31000

Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift

Multiple growth of graphene from a pre-dissolved carbon source

Nanotechnology,;Vol. 31(2020)p. 345601-

Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift

RF properties of carbon nanotube / Copper composite through silicon via based CPW structure for 3D integrated circuits

2019 IEEE 14th Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference, NMDC 2019,;(2019)

Paper i proceeding

Faster, cheaper and more functional, this is how we have gotten used to the development of microelectronic devices that we use in our daily lives. This is the result of transistor miniaturization that has provided an exponential increase in terms of performance to cost along a predicted pace, bringing doubled performance in affordable devices roughly every second year. This scaling is now about to reach its definite end as fabrication costs are escalating for photolithography features below 10 nm where further miniaturization becomes impractical. A proposed solution to circumvent this limitation is by stacking chips in a third dimension, referred to as 3D packaging which would ensure a continued scaling of transistors in electronic systems. However, a 3D stacked package like this does place additional demands on packaging solutions to be viable in commercial devices, such as improved interconnect and thermal management materials.

Low dimensional carbon nanomaterials are extensively researched for their impressive mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. For this reason, graphene and carbon nanotubes have been suggested for use in microelectronic devices where they could remove thermal and electrical bottlenecks, and in turn, facilitate 3D packaging for consumer devices. In this thesis, carbon nanotubes and graphene have been explored for application both as thermal interface materials and electrical conductors intended for microelectronic devices. By evaluating fabrication considerations, performance and reliability of these materials, new routes are outlined for the next generation of 3D electronic packages.

NANO components for electronic SMART wireless systems

Europeiska kommissionen (EU) (EC/H2020/825430), 2019-01-01 -- 2021-12-31.

Kolbaserat höghastighet 3D GaN elektroniksystem

Stiftelsen för Strategisk forskning (SSF) (SE13-0061), 2014-03-01 -- 2019-06-30.

Pilot line production of functionalized CNTs as thermal interface material for heat dissipation in electronics applications (SMARTHERM)

Europeiska kommissionen (EU) (EC/H2020/690896), 2016-01-01 -- 2018-12-31.

Styrkeområden

Produktion

Ämneskategorier

Nanoteknik

Infrastruktur

Nanotekniklaboratoriet

ISBN

978-91-7905-440-3

Doktorsavhandlingar vid Chalmers tekniska högskola. Ny serie: 4907

Utgivare

Chalmers

Online - Passcode: 823896

Online

Opponent: Prof. Jinbo Bai, Department of Mechanical Civil Engineering Ecole CentraleSupelec, Paris-Saclay Universiy, France

Mer information

Senast uppdaterat

2023-11-08