Case finding for the management of osteoporosis with FRAX--assessment and intervention thresholds for the UK.
Journal article, 2008

SUMMARY: Assessment and intervention thresholds are developed and proposed in men aged over 50 years and postmenopausal women for the UK based on fracture probability from the WHO fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX). INTRODUCTION: The FRAX tool has recently become available to compute the 10-year probability of fractures in men and women from clinical risk factors (CRFs) with or without the measurement of femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this study was to develop a case-finding strategy for men and women from the UK at high risk of osteoporotic fracture by delineating the fracture probabilities at which BMD testing or intervention should be recommended. METHODS: Fracture probabilities were computed using the FRAX tool calibrated to the epidemiology of fracture and death in the UK. The relationship between cost effectiveness and fracture probability used the source data from a prior publication that examined the cost effectiveness of generic alendronate in the UK. An intervention threshold was set by age in men and women, based on the fracture probability equivalent to that of women with a history of a prior osteoporosis related fracture. In addition, assessment thresholds for the use of BMD testing were explored. Assessment thresholds for the measurement of BMD followed current practice guidelines where individuals were considered to be eligible for assessment in the presence of one or more CRF. An upper assessment threshold (i.e. a fracture probability above which patients could be treated without recourse to BMD) was based on optimisation of the positive predictive value of the assessment tool. The consequences of assessment and intervention thresholds on the requirement for BMD test and interventions were assessed using the distribution of clinical risk factors and femoral neck BMD for women in the source cohorts used for the development of the FRAX models RESULTS: Treatment was cost effective at all ages when the 10-year probability of a major fracture exceeded 7%. The intervention threshold at the age of 50 years corresponded to a 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture of 7.5%. This rose progressively with age to 30% at the age of 80 years, so that intervention was cost effective at all ages. Assessment thresholds for testing with BMD (6-9% at the age of 50 years) also rose with age (18-36% at the age of 80 years). The use of these thresholds in a case-finding strategy would identify 6-20% of women as eligible for BMD testing and 23-46% as eligible for treatment, depending on age. The same threshold can be used in men. CONCLUSION: The study provides a method of developing management algorithms for osteoporosis from the estimation of fracture probabilities, rather than those based on BMD alone or BMD with single or multiple CRFs.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Femur Neck

complications

Humans

etiology

Osteoporosis

Postmenopausal

80 and over

methods

Great Britain

Middle Aged

Aged

epidemiology

epidemiology

complications

economics

Age Factors

Osteoporosis

prevention & control

epidemiology

therapeutic use

Fractures

drug therapy

Algorithms

drug therapy

Risk Assessment

Male

Bone

epidemiology

Bone Density

Aged

physiopathology

Bone Density Conservation Agents

Decision Support Techniques

Female

Patient Selection

Author

J A Kanis

E V McCloskey

Helena Johansson

University of Gothenburg

O Strom

F Borgstrom

Anders Odén

Chalmers, Mathematical Sciences, Mathematical Statistics

University of Gothenburg

National Osteoporosis Guideline Group

Osteoporosis International

0937-941X (ISSN) 1433-2965 (eISSN)

Vol. 19 10 1395-408

Subject Categories

Endocrinology and Diabetes

Physiology

DOI

10.1007/s00198-008-0712-1

PubMed

18751937

More information

Created

10/6/2017