A meta-analysis of milk intake and fracture risk: low utility for case finding.
Journal article, 2005

A low intake of calcium is widely considered to be a risk factor for future fracture. The aim of this study was to quantify this risk on an international basis and to explore the effect of age, gender and bone mineral density (BMD) on this risk. We studied 39,563 men and women (69% female) from six prospectively studied cohorts comprising EVOS/EPOS, CaMos, DOES, the Rotterdam study, the Sheffield study and a cohort from Gothenburg. Cohorts were followed for 152,000 person-years. The effect of calcium intake as judged by the intake of milk on the risk of any fracture, any osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture alone was examined using a Poisson model for each sex from each cohort. Covariates examined were age and BMD. The results of the different studies were merged by using the weighted beta-coefficients. A low intake of calcium (less than 1 glass of milk daily) was not associated with a significantly increased risk of any fracture, osteoporotic fracture or hip fracture. There was no difference in risk ratio between men and women. When both sexes were combined there was a small but non-significant increase in the risk of osteoporotic and of hip fracture. There was also a small increase in the risk of an osteoporotic fracture with age which was significant at the age of 80 years (RR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.02-1.30) and above. The association was no longer significant after adjustment for BMD. No significant relationship was observed by age for low milk intake and hip fracture risk. We conclude that a self-reported low intake of milk is not associated with any marked increase in fracture risk and that the use of this risk indicator is of little or no value in case-finding strategies.

Aged

Hip Fractures

Age Factors

physiopathology

Milk

prevention & control

Animals

Bone Density

Bone

Osteoporosis

prevention & control

Fractures

Prospective Studies

prevention & control

physiopathology

physiopathology

Adult

Risk Factors

administration & dosage

Dietary

Male

80 and over

Calcium

Aged

Middle Aged

Humans

Female

Multivariate Analysis

Author

John A Kanis

Helena Johansson

University of Gothenburg

Anders Odén

University of Gothenburg

Chalmers, Mathematical Sciences, Mathematical Statistics

Chris De Laet

Olof Johnell

John A Eisman

Eugene Mc Closkey

Dan Mellström

University of Gothenburg

Huibert Pols

Jonathan Reeve

Alan Silman

Alan Tenenhouse

Osteoporosis International

0937-941X (ISSN) 1433-2965 (eISSN)

Vol. 16 7 799-804

Subject Categories

Endocrinology and Diabetes

Physiology

DOI

10.1007/s00198-004-1755-6

PubMed

15502959

More information

Created

10/6/2017