Non-parametric modeling of the intra-cluster gas using APEX-SZ bolometer imaging data
Journal article, 2010
Aims. We aim to demonstrate the usability of mm-wavelength imaging data obtained from the APEX-SZ bolometer array to derive the radial temperature profile of the hot intra-cluster gas out to radius r(500) and beyond. The goal is to study the physical properties of the intra-cluster gas by using a non-parametric de-projection method that is, aside from the assumption of spherical symmetry, free from modeling bias. Methods. We use publicly available X-ray spectroscopic-imaging data in the 0.7-2 keV energy band from the XMM-Newton observatory and our Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (SZE) imaging data from the APEX-SZ experiment at 150 GHz to de-project the density and temperature profiles for a well-studied relaxed cluster, Abell 2204. We derive the gas density, temperature and entropy profiles assuming spherical symmetry, and obtain the total mass profile under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. For comparison with X-ray spectroscopic temperature models, a re-analysis of recent Chandra observation is done with the latest calibration updates. We compare the results with that from an unrelaxed cluster, Abell 2163, to illustrate some differences between relaxed and merging systems. Results. Using the non-parametric modeling, we demonstrate a decrease of gas temperature in the cluster outskirts, and also measure gas entropy profiles, both of which are done for the first time independently of X-ray spectroscopy using the SZE and X-ray imaging data. The gas entropy measurement in the central 100 kpc shows the usability of APEX-SZ data for inferring cluster dynamical states with this method. The contribution of the SZE systematic uncertainties in measuring T-e at large radii is shown to be small compared to XMM-Newton and Chandra systematic spectroscopic errors. The total mass profile obtained using the hydrostatic equilibrium assumption is in agreement with the published X-ray and weak lensing results; the upper limit on M-200 derived from the non-parametric method is consistent with the NFW model prediction from weak lensing analysis.
constant
xmm-newton
relaxed galaxy clusters
cosmology: observations
medium
x-ray-clusters
galaxies: clusters: individual: Abell 2204
3-dimensional structure
entropy profiles
intergalactic medium
relation
sunyaev-zeldovich
intracluster
mass-temperature
X-rays: galaxies:
cosmic microwave background
clusters
zeldovich effect observations
hubble
Author
K. Basu
Max Planck Society
University of Bonn
Y. Y. Zhang
University of Bonn
M. W. Sommer
Max Planck Society
University of Bonn
A. N. Bender
University of Colorado
F. Bertoldi
University of Bonn
M. Dobbs
McGill University
H. Eckmiller
University of Bonn
N. W. Halverson
University of Colorado
W. L. Holzapfel
University of California
Cathy Horellou
Chalmers, Earth and Space Sciences, Radio Astronomy and Astrophysics
V. Jaritz
University of Bonn
Daniel Johansson
Chalmers, Earth and Space Sciences, Radio Astronomy and Astrophysics
B. Johnson
University of California
J. Kennedy
McGill University
R. Kneissl
Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA)
T. Lanting
Cardiff University
A. T. Lee
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
University of California
J. Mehl
University of Chicago
K. M. Menten
Max Planck Society
F. P. Navarrete
Max Planck Society
F. Pacaud
University of Bonn
C. L. Reichardt
University of California
T. H. Reiprich
University of Bonn
P. L. Richards
University of California
D. Schwan
University of California
B. Westbrook
University of California
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 519 Article Number: A29 A29Subject Categories (SSIF 2011)
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/200913334