Robustness and Resilience -- Two Key Concepts for a Sustainable Built Environment

Paper in proceeding, 2012

The first item is Robustness of structures, which has drawn much attention during the past decade. In this paper special interest will be paid to accidental loading and extreme events like natural hazards. The part dealing with Resilience is related to Natural Hazards and Disasters and their influence on the built environment and society. One section deals with vulnerability and resilience of communities, especially in urbanized areas. The paper is of conceptual character and contains some critical review of some past work. It will show the importance of using relevant and clear concepts.