Surface characterization, electrochemical properties and in vitro testing of hierarchically structured titanium surfaces
Journal article, 2013
Newly designed implant surfaces with hierarchic structure have been characterized with respect to chemical composition, topography, electrical properties and cell culturing. Three levels of surface roughness are induced starting from a blasted surface with the naturally formed oxide layer. Dissolution of the blasted surface is obtained by chemical treatment in oxalic acid. The surface becomes smoother with multitude of shallow depressions in the walls and bottoms of the blasted structure. The surface oxide layer formed is somewhat thicker than the naturally formed oxide and may contain oxalate. In the final step, part of the oxide layer is dissolved in hydrofluoric acid leading to a high concentration of soluble titanium species. A nanostructured surface is formed by precipitation of titanium oxide at spots on the surface where locally the pH is increased due to hydrogen evolution. The surface roughness is only marginally changed by the chemical treatment while the conductivity of the surface layer is lower for the chemically treated surfaces compared with the blasted reference. The hierarchical structure mimics many natural processes for achieving high shear strength. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Titanium oxides
Natural process
Surface oxide layer
High concentration
Nanostructured surface
Surface layers
Surface characterization
Electron microscopy
Hierarchical structures
Chemical treatments
C. electron microscopy
Oxalic Acid
In-vitro
X ray diffraction
Electric properties
Chemical compositions
D. electrical properties
Hydrofluoric acid
C. X-ray diffraction
Organic acids
Titanium surfaces
Implant surface
A. oxides
Hierarchic structures
Titanium
Hydrogen evolution
Oxide layer
Surface roughness
A. nanostructures
Hydrogen
Author
I. Mattisson
DENTSPLY Implants
C. Gretzer
DENTSPLY Implants
Elisabet Ahlberg
University of Gothenburg
Materials Research Bulletin
0025-5408 (ISSN)
Vol. 48 2 389-398Subject Categories
Chemical Sciences
DOI
10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.10.037