Surface characterization, electrochemical properties and in vitro testing of hierarchically structured titanium surfaces
Journal article, 2013

Newly designed implant surfaces with hierarchic structure have been characterized with respect to chemical composition, topography, electrical properties and cell culturing. Three levels of surface roughness are induced starting from a blasted surface with the naturally formed oxide layer. Dissolution of the blasted surface is obtained by chemical treatment in oxalic acid. The surface becomes smoother with multitude of shallow depressions in the walls and bottoms of the blasted structure. The surface oxide layer formed is somewhat thicker than the naturally formed oxide and may contain oxalate. In the final step, part of the oxide layer is dissolved in hydrofluoric acid leading to a high concentration of soluble titanium species. A nanostructured surface is formed by precipitation of titanium oxide at spots on the surface where locally the pH is increased due to hydrogen evolution. The surface roughness is only marginally changed by the chemical treatment while the conductivity of the surface layer is lower for the chemically treated surfaces compared with the blasted reference. The hierarchical structure mimics many natural processes for achieving high shear strength. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Titanium oxides

Natural process

Surface oxide layer

High concentration

Nanostructured surface

Surface layers

Surface characterization

Electron microscopy

Hierarchical structures

Chemical treatments

C. electron microscopy

Oxalic Acid

In-vitro

X ray diffraction

Electric properties

Chemical compositions

D. electrical properties

Hydrofluoric acid

C. X-ray diffraction

Organic acids

Titanium surfaces

Implant surface

A. oxides

Hierarchic structures

Titanium

Hydrogen evolution

Oxide layer

Surface roughness

A. nanostructures

Hydrogen

Author

I. Mattisson

DENTSPLY Implants

C. Gretzer

DENTSPLY Implants

Elisabet Ahlberg

University of Gothenburg

Materials Research Bulletin

0025-5408 (ISSN)

Vol. 48 2 389-398

Subject Categories

Chemical Sciences

DOI

10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.10.037

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