Chapter 3: Loading Generating Mechanisms, Thermal Ice Pressure

Book chapter, 1986

When a landfast ice cover has benn formed on a lake or an enclsed part of the sea, stresses arise from the thermal expansion or contraction caused by the changing weather, The stresses eventually exer forces against shores, dams or other structures. It is complicatded to calculate such forces for design purposes because of the nonlinrearity of the deformation of the ice, the irregularity of ice covers, the variation of ice properties, and the difficulty of defining the probability of extreme situations.