Retro-modelling of a dual resonant applicator and accurate dielectric properties of liquid water from −20 °C to +100 °C

Journal article, 2007

A critical analysis is made of literature reports on the dielectric properties of pure water from liquid water supercooled at −20 ◦C, to +100 ◦C, in principle in the frequency range 0 to 3 GHz. Measurements using complete multi-step numerical modelling of a dual resonant cavity at about 920 MHz and 2230 MHz are presented. The measured data at about +20 ◦C are used as reference for the calculation of data at other temperatures. Due to the high resolution and considerations of various error sources, the resulting accuracy becomes high and allows the construction of improved empiricalformulae for the Debye relaxation behaviour.