Detailed multidisciplinary monitoring reveals pre- and co-eruptive signals at Nyamulagira volcano (North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo)
Journal article, 2014
This paper presents a thorough description of Nyamulagira’s January 2010 volcanic eruption (North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo), based on a combination of field observation and ground-based and space-borne data. It is the first eruption in the Virunga Volcanic Province that has been described by a combination of several modern monitoring techniques. The 2010 eruption lasted 26 days and emitted ∼45.5 × 106 m3 of lava. Field observations divided the event into four eruptive stages delimited by major changes in effusive activity. These stages are consistent with those described by Pouclet (1976) for historical eruptions of Nyamulagira. Co-eruptive signals from ground deformation, seismicity, SO2 emission and thermal flux correlate with the eruptive stages. Unambiguous pre-eruptive ground deformation was observed 3 weeks before the lava outburst, coinciding with a small but clear increase in the short period seismicity and SO2 emission. The 3 weeks of precursors contrasts with the only precursory signal previously recognized in the Virunga Volcanic Province, the short-term increase of tremor and long period seismicity, which, for example, were only detected less than 2 h prior to the 2010 eruption. The present paper is the most detailed picture of a typical flank eruption of this volcano. It provides valuable tools for re-examining former—mostly qualitative—descriptions of historical Nyamulagira eruptions that occurred during the colonial period.
VirungaNyamulagiraNyamuragiraEast African RiftVolcanic eruptionVolcano monitoringRemote sensing
Author
Benoît Smets
Nicolas d'Oreye
François Kervyn
Matthieu Kervyn
Fabien Albino
Santiago Arellano
Chalmers, Earth and Space Sciences, Optical Remote Sensing
Montfort Bagalwa
Charles Balagizi
Simon A. Carn
Thomas H. Darrah
José Fernández
Bo Galle
Chalmers, Earth and Space Sciences, Optical Remote Sensing
Pablo J. González
Elisabet Head
Katcho Karume
Deogratias Kavotha
François Lukaya
Niche Mashagiro
Georges Mavonga
Patrik Norman
Chalmers, Earth and Space Sciences, Optical Remote Sensing
Etoy Osodundu
José L. G. Pallero
Juan F. Prieto
Sergey Samsonov
Muhindo Syauswa
Dario Tedesco
Kristy Tiampo
Christelle Wauthier
Mathieu M. Yalire
Bulletin of Volcanology
0258-8900 (ISSN) 1432-0819 (eISSN)
Vol. 76 787 1-35 787Subject Categories
Other Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Environmental Sciences
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Roots
Basic sciences
DOI
10.1007/s00445-013-0787-1