Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Journal article, 2018

Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.

Author

Rafael Lozano

University of Washington

Nancy Fullman

University of Washington

Degu Abate

Haramaya University

Solomon M. Abay

Cristiana Abbafati

Sapienza University of Rome

Nooshin Abbasi

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Hedayat Abbastabar

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Foad Abd-Allah

Cairo University

Jemal Abdela

School of Pharmacy

Ahmed Abdelalim

Cairo University

Omar Abdel-Rahman

University of Calgary

Alireza Abdi

Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery

Ibrahim Abdollahpour

Arak University of Medical Sciences

Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader

Manonmaniam Sundaranar University

Nebiyu Dereje Abebe

School of Public Health

Zegeye Abebe

Human Nutrition Department

Ayenew Negesse Abejie

Debre Markos University

Semaw F. Abera

School of Public Health

Olifan Zewdie Abil

Wollega University

Victor Aboyans

Hopital Dupuytren

Haftom Niguse Abraha

Clinical Pharmacy Unit

Aklilu Roba Abrham

Laith J. Abu-Raddad

Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar

Niveen M.E. Abu-Rmeileh

Birzeit University

Gebre Y. Abyu

School of Nursing

Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi

Bénin Clinical Research Institute

Dilaram Acharya

Dongguk University

Pawan Acharya

Nepal Development Society

Abdu A Adamu

Stellenbosch University

Oladimeji M. Adebayo

University College Hospital

Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji

Olabisi Onabanjo University

Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin

Obafemi Awolowo University

Victor Adekanmbi

Cardiff University

Olatunji Adetokunboh

Stellenbosch University

Beyene Meressa Adhena

School of Public Health

Tara Ballav Adhikari

Center for Social Science and Public Health Research Nepal

Mina G. Adib

Saint Mark Hospital

Arsène Kouablan Adou

Ivorian Association for Family Welfare

Jose C. Adsuar

Sport Science Department

Mohsen Afarideh

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Mahdi Afshari

Zabol University of Medical Sciences

Ashkan Afshin

University of Washington

Gina Agarwal

McMaster University

Sargis Aghasi Aghayan

Yerevan State University

Dominic Agius

Directorate for Health Information and Research

Anurag Agrawal

Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology

Sutapa Agrawal

Public Health Foundation of India

Alireza Ahmadi

Mehdi Ahmadi

Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

Hamid Ahmadieh

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Muktar Beshir Ahmed

Jimma University

Sayem Ahmed

International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh

Temesgen Yihunie Akalu

Ali S. Akanda

University of Rhode Island

Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Mohammed Akibu

Debre Berhan University

Rufus Olusola Akinyemi

University of Ibadan

Tomi F. Akinyemiju

University of Kentucky

Nadia Akseer

Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto

Fares Alahdab

Mayo Clinic

Ziyad Al-Aly

Washington University in St. Louis

Khurshid Alam

University of Western Australia

Tahiya Alam

University of Washington

Ammar Albujeer

Nab'a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care

Animut Alebel

Kefyalew Addis Alene

Institute of Public Health

Ayman Al-Eyadhy

Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Samia Alhabib

King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital

Raghib Ali

New York University Abu Dhabi

Mehran Alijanzadeh

Qazvin University of Medical Sciences

Reza Alizadeh-Navaei

Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center

Syed M. Aljunid

University of Kuwait

Ala'a Alkerwi

Luxembourg Institute of Health

François Alla

University of Bordeaux

Peter Allebeck

Karolinska Institutet

Christine Allen

University of Washington

Ali Almasi

Fatma Al-Maskari

United Arab Emirates University

Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi

Medical Research Center

Jordi Alonso

Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute

Rajaa Al-Raddadi

King Abdulaziz University

Ubai Alsharif

Charité University Medicine Berlin

Khalid Altirkawi

King Saud University

Nelson Alvis-Guzman

University of Cartagena

Azmeraw T. Amare

Bahar Dar University

Kebede Amenu

College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture

Erfan Amini

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Walid Ammar

Federal Ministry of Health

Nahla Anber

Faculty of Medicine

Jason A. Anderson

University of Washington

Catalina Liliana Andrei

Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy

Sofia Androudi

University of Thessaly

Megbaru Debalkie Animut

Arba Minch University

Mina Anjomshoa

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Hossein Ansari

Zahedan University of Medical Sciences

Ansariadi Ansariadi

Hasanuddin University

Mustafa Geleto Ansha

Debre Berhan University

Carl Abelardo T. Antonio

University of the Philippines Manila

Palwasha Anwari

Independent Consultant

Lambert Tetteh Appiah

Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital

Olatunde Aremu

Birmingham City University

Habtamu Abera Areri

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Johan Ärnlöv

Karolinska Institutet

Monika Arora

Health Promotion Division

Krishna Kumar Aryal

Abt Associates Nepal

Hamid Asayesh

School of Paramedical

Ephrem Tsegay Asfaw

Institute of Biomedical Science

Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom

School of Pharmacy

Rana Jawad Asghar

South Asian Public Health Forum

Reza Assadi

Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Zerihun Ataro

Suleman Atique

University of Lahore

Sachin R. Atre

Johns Hopkins University

Madhu S. Atteraya

Keimyung University

Marcel Ausloos

University Of Leicester

Leticia Avila-Burgos

Center for Health Systems Research

Euripide Frinel G. Arthur Avokpaho

Bénin Clinical Research Institute

Ashish Awasthi

Public Health Foundation of India

Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla

La Trobe University

Henok Tadesse Ayele

McGill University

Yohanes Ayele

School of Pharmacy

Rakesh Ayer

University of Tokyo

Mahmoud Reza Azarpazhooh

Western University

Peter S. Azzopardi

Australia Bahir Dar University

Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat

Directorate for Health Information and Research

Tesleem Kayode Babalola

Arefeh Babazadeh

Center for Infectious Diseases Research

Hamid Badali

Alaa Badawi

Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto

Kalpana Balakrishnan

Canada Department of Environmental Health Engineering

Ayele Geleto Bali

School of Public Health

Maciej Banach

Medical University of Lodz

Amitava Banerjee

University College London (UCL)

Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub

Alexandria University

Amrit Banstola

Aleksandra Barac

Clinical Center of Serbia

Miguel A. Barboza

Dirección Actuarial

Suzanne L. Barker-Collo

University of Auckland

Till Bärnighausen

Heidelberg University

Lope H. Barrero

School of Engineering

Celine M. Barthelemy

University of Washington

Quique Bassat

University of Barcelona

Arindam Basu

University of Canterbury

Sanjay Basu

Stanford University

Robert J. Battista

Doctor Evidence

Bernhard T. Baune

Melbourne Medical School

Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes

University of Gondar

Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi

Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science

Neeraj Bedi

Jazan University

Ettore Beghi

Masoud Behzadifar

Health Management and Economics Research Center

Meysam Behzadifar

Lorestan University of Medical Sciences

Yannick Béjot

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon

Bayu Begashaw Bekele

Institute of Public Health

Abate Bekele Belachew

School of Public Health

Aregawi Gebreyesus Belay

Saba Abraham Belay

Tewelde Legesse Health Sciences College

Yihalem Abebe Belay

Michelle L. Bell

Yale University

Aminu K. Bello

University of Alberta

Derrick A. Bennett

Nuffield Department of Population Health

Isabela M. Bensenor

University of Sao Paulo (USP)

Habib Benzian

NYU Langone Health

Adugnaw Berhane

School of Public Health

Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe

Adigrat University

Adam E. Berman

Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University

Eduardo Bernabe

King's College London

Robert S. Bernstein

Emory University

Gregory J. Bertolacci

University of Washington

Mircea Beuran

Emergency Hospital of Bucharest

Tina Beyranvand

Tehran

Neeraj Bhala

Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham

Ashish Bhalla

Anil Bhansali

Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

Suraj Bhattarai

London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

Soumyadeep Bhaumik

The George Institute for Global Health

Zulfiqar A. Bhutta

Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto

Belete Biadgo

Molly H. Biehl

University of Washington

Ali Bijani

Health Research Institute

Boris Bikbov

Nigus Bililign

Woldia University

Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed

Australian National University

Sait Mentes Birlik

University of Bologna

Charles Birungi

University College London (UCL)

Donal Bisanzio

Global Health Division

Tuhin Biswas

A T Still University

Helen Bitew

School of Pharmacy

Hailemichael Bizuneh

St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College

Espen Bjertness

University of Oslo

Eshetu Mulisa Bobasa

Jimma University

Soufiane Boufous

University of New South Wales (UNSW)

Rupert Bourne

Anglia Ruskin University

Kayvan Bozorgmehr

University Hospital Heidelberg

Nicola Luigi Bragazzi

University of Genoa

Michael Brainin

Danube University Krems

Luisa C. Brant

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Michael Brauer

University of Washington

Alexandra Brazinova

Comenius University in Bratislava

Nicholas J.K. Breitborde

Ohio State University

Paul Svitil Briant

University of Washington

Gabrielle Britton

Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services

Traolach S. Brugha

University Of Leicester

Gene Bukhman

Reinhard Busse

Berlin Institute of Health

Zahid A. Butt

School of Population and Public Health

Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado

Center for Health Systems Research

Charlton S. K. H. Callender

University of Washington

Ismael Ricardo Campos-Nonato

National Institute of Public Health

Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon

National Institute of Public Health

Jorge Cano

Josip Car

Centre for Population Health Sciences

Mate Car

Imperial College London

Rosario Cárdenas

Metropolitan Autonomous University

Juan Jesus Carrero

Karolinska Institutet

Austin Carter

University of Washington

Felix Carvalho

University of Porto

Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda

Jacqueline Castillo Rivas

Dirección Actuarial

Franz Castro

Kate Causey

University of Washington

Alanur Çavlin

Hacettepe University

Kelly Cercy

University of Washington

Ester Cerin

Australian Catholic University

Yazan Chaiah

Alfaisal University

Julian Chalek

University of Washington

Hsing-Yi Chang

National Health Research Institutes

Jung-Chen Chang

College of Medicine

Aparajita Chattopadhyay

Vijay Kumar Chattu

University of the West Indies

Pankaj Chaturvedi

Tata Memorial Hospital

Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang

Gold Coast Health

Ken Lee Chin

Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa

University of Zambia

Abdulaal Chitheer

Ministry of Health

Jee-Young J. Choi

Biochemistry

Rajiv Chowdhury

University of Cambridge

Hanne Christensen

University of Copenhagen

Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher

Christian Medical College

Sheng-Chia Chung

University College London (UCL)

Flavia M Cicuttini

School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

Liliana G. Ciobanu

University of Copenhagen

Massimo Cirillo

University of Salerno

Rafael M. Claro

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Thomas Khaled Dwayne Claßen

North Rhine-Westphalia Centre for Health

Aaron J. Cohen

University of Washington

Daniel Collado-Mateo

University of Extremadura

Cyrus Cooper

NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre

Leslie Trumbull Cooper

Mayo Clinic

Leslie Cornaby

University of Washington

Monica Cortinovis

Megan Costa

Arizona State University

Ewerton Cousin

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)

Elizabeth A. Cromwell

University of Washington

Christopher Stephen Crowe

Division of Plastic Surgery

Matthew Cunningham

University of Washington

Alemneh Kabeta Daba

Hawassa University

Abel Fekadu Dadi

Institute of Public Health

Lalit Dandona

University of Washington

Rakhi Dandona

University of Washington

Anh Kim Dang

Duy Tan University

Paul I Dargan

King's College London

Ahmad Daryani

Toxoplasmosis Research Center

Siddharth Kumar Das

King George's Medical University

Rajat Das Gupta

BRAC University

José Das Neves

I3S- Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude

Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Aditya Prasad Dash

Central University Tamil Nadu

Adrian C. Davis

University College London (UCL)

Dragos Virgil Davitoiu

Kairat Davletov

Kazakh National Medical University

Anand Dayama

San Joaquin General Hospital

Barbora De Courten

Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation

Diego De Leo

Griffith University

Jan-Walter De Neve

Heidelberg University

Hans De Steur

Ghent university

Meaza Girma Degefa

Louisa Degenhardt

University of Washington

Tizta Tilahun Degfie

African Population Health Research Centre

Selina Deiparine

University of Washington

Robert P. Dellavalle

University of Colorado at Denver

Gebre Demoz

Addis Ababa University

Balem Demtsu

Mekelle University

Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez

Center for Nutrition and Health Research

Kebede Deribe

School of Public Health

Nikolaos Dervenis

Aintree University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust

Getenet Ayalew Dessie

Subhojit Dey

Disha Foundation

Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne

University of Washington

Meghnath Dhimal

Nepal Health Research Council

Daniel Dicker

University of Washington

Mesfin Tadese Dinberu

Debre Berhan University

Eric L Ding

Shirin Djalalinia

Deputy of Research and Technology

Huyen Phuc Do

Duy Tan University

Klara Dokova

Medical University of Varna

David Teye Doku

University of Cape Coast Ghana

Dirk Douwes-Schultz

University of Washington

Tim R. Driscoll

The University of Sydney

Leilei Duan

National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention

Manisha Dubey

United Nations World Food Programme

Eleonora Dubljanin

University of Belgrade

Eyasu Ejeta Duken

Wollega University

Bruce Bartholow Duncan

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)

Andre R Duraes

Federal University of Bahia

Soheil Ebrahimpour

Center for Infectious Diseases Research

David Edvardsson

La Trobe University

Charbel El Bcheraoui

Erika Eldrenkamp

University of Washington

Ziad El-Khatib

Iqbal Rf Elyazar

Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology

Ahmadali Enayati

School of Public Health

Aman Yesuf Endries

St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College

Babak Eshrati

Center of Communicable Disease Control

Sharareh Eskandarieh

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Alireza Esteghamati

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Sadaf Esteghamati

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Kara Estep

University of Washington

Mahdi Fakhar

Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences

Hamed Fakhim

Urmia University of Medical Science

Jessica Fanzo

Johns Hopkins University

Mahbobeh Faramarzi

Babol University of Medical Sciences

Mohammad Fareed

Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University

Farzaneh Farhadi

Tehran

Talha A Farid

University of Louisville

Carla Sofia Esá Farinha

National Statistical Office

Andrea Farioli

André Faro

Federal University of Sergipe

Maryam S Farvid

Farshad Farzadfar

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Mohammad Hosein Farzaei

Hossein Farzam

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

Ali Akbar Fazaeli

Hamedan University of Medical Sciences

Mir Sohail Fazeli

Doctor Evidence

Valery L. Feigin

University of Washington

Andrea B. Feigl

Wubalem Fekadu

Rachel Feldman

University of Washington

Netsanet Fentahun

Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad

Montreal Neurological Institute

Eduarda Fernandes

University of Porto

João C. Fernandes

Catholic University of Portugal

Garumma Tolu Feyissa

Jimma University

Daniel Obadare Fijabi

Brandeis University

Irina Filip

Samuel Finegold

University of Washington

Jonas David Finger

Robert Koch Institut

Florian Fischer

Bielefeld University

Christina Fitzmaurice

University of Washington

Luisa Sorio Flor

Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca

Nataliya Foigt

Academy of Medical Science

Kyle J. Foreman

University of Washington

Tahvi D. Frank

University of Washington

Richard Charles Franklin

James Cook University

Takeshi Fukumoto

Cancer Institute (W.I.A.)

Kai Fukutaki

University of Washington

John E. Fuller

University of Washington

Thomas Fürst

Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)

Joao M Furtado

University of Sao Paulo (USP)

Emmanuela Gakidou

University of Washington

Silvano Gallus

Fortune Gbetoho Gankpe

Laboratory of Studies and Research-Action in Health

Ron T. Gansevoort

University of Groningen

Ana Cristina Garcia

Nova University of Lisbon

Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro

Tuberculosis Department

Miguel A. Garcia-Gordillo

Autonomous University of Chile

William M Gardner

University of Washington

Abadi Kahsu Gebre

School of Pharmacy

Teshome Gebre

Task Force for Global Health

Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs

School of Public Health

Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot

Jimma University

Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin

Jimma University

Bereket Gebremichael

College of Health Sciences

Teklu Gebrehiwo Gebremichael

School of Pharmacy

Tilayie Feto Gelano

Haramaya University

Johanna M. Geleijnse

Wageningen University and Research

Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo

Sefonias Getachew

Peter W. Gething

University of Oxford

Kebede Embaye Gezae

Mohammad Rasoul Ghadami

Sleep Disorders Research Center

Reza Ghadimi

Health Research Institute

Keyghobad Ghadiri

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman

Health Research Institute

Hesam Ghiasvand

Social Determinants of Health Research Center

Mamata Ghimire

University of Tsukuba

Aloke Gopal Ghoshal

Simona Giampaoli

Dysmetabolic

Paramjit Singh Gill

The University of Warwick

Tiffany K Gill

University of Copenhagen

Giorgia Giussani

Elena V Gnedovskaya

Research Center of Neurology

Ellen M. Goldberg

University of Washington

Srinivas Goli

International Institute for Population Sciences

Philimon N. Gona

University of Massachusetts Boston

Amador Goodridge

Neuroscience Department

Sameer Vali Gopalani

University of Oklahoma

Taren M. Gorman

University of Washington

Atsushi Goto

National Cancer Center Tokyo

Alessandra Carvalho Goulart

University of Sao Paulo (USP)

Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)

Ayman Grada

Boston University

Max G. Griswold

University of Washington

Giuseppe Grosso

University of Catania

Harish Chander Gugnani

Saint James School of Medicine

Francis Guillemin

University of Lorraine

Andre Luiz Sena Guimaraes

State University of Montes Claros

Yuming Guo

School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

Prakash C. Gupta

Harvard School of Public Health

Rahul Gupta

West Virginia Bureau for Public Health

Rajeev Gupta

Rajasthan University of Health Sciences

Tanush Gupta

Montefiore Medical Center

Giang Hai Ha

Duy Tan University

Juanita A. Haagsma

Erasmus University Rotterdam

Vladimir Hachinski

Nima Hafezi-Nejad

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli

University College London (UCL)

Tekleberhan B Hagos

Anatomy Unit

Michael Tamene Haile

St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College

Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis

Haramaya University

Gessessew Bugssa Hailu

Biomedical Sciences Division

Arvin Haj-Mirzaian

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Arya Haj-Mirzaian

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Randah Ribhi Hamadeh

Arabian Gulf University

Samer Hamidi

Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University

Graeme J. Hankey

University of Western Australia

Hilda L. Harb

Ministry of Public Health

Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan

Cardiology Department

Hamidreza Haririan

Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

Josep Maria Haro

San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park

Mehedi Hasan

BRAC University

Hadi Hassankhani

Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

Hamid Yimam Hassen

Public Health Department

Rasmus Havmoeller

Karolinska University Hospital

Caitlin Hawley

University of Washington

Simon I. Hay

University of Washington

Yihua He

University of Washington

Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran

Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences

Mohamed I. Hegazy

Cairo University

Behzad Heibati

Air Pollution Research Center

Behnam Heidari

Teikyo University

Mohsen Heidari

Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences

Delia Hendrie

Curtin University

Andualem Henok

Mizan Tepi University

Ileana Heredia-Pi

Center for Health Systems Research

Claudiu Herteliu

Bucharest University of Economic Studies

Behzad Heydarpour

A C S Medical College and Hospital

Fatemeh Heydarpour

Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences

Sousan Heydarpour

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

Desalegn Tsegaw Hibstu

Hawassa University

Martha Híjar

National Institute of Public Health

Hans W. Hoek

University of Groningen

Daniel J. Hoffman

Rutgers University

Michael K Hole

The University of Texas at Austin

Enayatollah Homaie Rad

Guilan University of Medical Sciences

Praveen Hoogar

Manipal University

Nobuyuki Horita

Yokohama City University

H. Dean Hosgood

Seyed Mostafa Hosseini

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

Mihaela Hostiuc

Sorin Hostiuc

Peter J. Hotez

Baylor College of Medicine

Damian G. Hoy

The University of Sydney

Mohamed Hsairi

Medicine School of Tunis

Thomas Hsiao

University of Washington

Guoqing Hu

Central South University

John J. Huang

Yale University

Caitlyn Hughes

Solar Cookers International

Chantal K Huynh

University of Washington

Ehimario Uche Igumbor

University of the Western Cape

Chad Ikeda

University of Washington

Olayinka S. Ilesanmi

University of Liberia

Usman Iqbal

Taipei Medical University

Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Caleb M.S. Irvine

University of Washington

Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam

The University of Sydney

Farhad Islami

American Cancer Society

Rebecca Q. Ivers

Injury Division

Neda Izadi

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Kathryn H. Jacobsen

George Mason University

Leila Jahangiry

School of Public Health

Nader Jahanmehr

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Sudhir Kumar Jain

National Centre For Disease Control Delhi

Mihajlo Jakovljevic

University of Washington

Moti Tolera Jalu

Haramaya University

Amr A. Jamal

Spencer L. James

University of Washington

Simerjot K Jassal

Department of Veterans Affairs

Mehdi Javanbakht

Newcastle University

Achala Upendra Jayatilleke

University of Colombo

Panniyammakal Jeemon

Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies

Ravi Prakash Jha

Banaras Hindu University

Vivekanand Jha

University of Oxford

John S Ji

Duke Kunshan University

Catherine O. Johnson

University of Washington

Sarah Charlotte Johnson

University of Washington

Jost B. Jonas

Heidelberg University

Jitendra Jonnagaddala

University of New South Wales (UNSW)

Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari

University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences

Ankur Joshi

Centre for Community Medicine

Jacek Józwiak

Częstochowa University of Technology

Suresh Banayya Jungari

Savitribai Phule Pune University

Mikk Jürisson

University of Tartu

K. Madhanraj

University of Ottawa

Zubair Kabir

University College Cork

Rajendra Kadel

London School of Economics and Political Science

Amaha Kahsay

Molla Kahssay

Samara University

Rizwan Kalani

Umesh Kapil

A C S Medical College and Hospital

Manoochehr Karami

Hamedan University of Medical Sciences

Behzad Karami Matin

Faculty of Public Health

Marina Karanikolos

Centre for Global Chronic Conditions

Narges Karimi

Seyed M. Karimi

University of Washington

Hamidreza Karimi-Sari

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences

Amir Kasaeian

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Dessalegn Haile Kassa

Getachew Mullu Kassa

College of Health Sciences

Tesfaye Dessale Kassa

Clinical Pharmacy Unit

Zemenu Yohannes Kassa

Hawassa University

Nicholas J Kassebaum

University of Washington

Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi

University of Glasgow

Anil Kaul

Oklahoma State University

Norito Kawakami

University of Tokyo

Zhila Kazemi

Ministry of Health and Medical Education

Ali Kazemi Karyani

Faculty of Public Health

Dhruv Satish Kazi

University of California

K.C. Prakash

University of Tampere

Seifu Kebede

Salale University

Peter Njenga Keiyoro

Laura Kemmer

University of Washington

Grant Rodgers Kemp

University of Washington

Andre Pascal Kengne

South African Medical Research Council

Andre Keren

Assuta Hospital

Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran

Indian Institute of Toxicology Research

Yousef Saleh Khader

Public Health and Family Medicine

Behzad Khafaei

Omidiyeh Branch

Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie

Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

Alireza Khajavi

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Nauman Khalid

University of Management and Technology

Ibrahim A. Khalil

University of Washington

Ejaz Ahmad Khan

Health Services Academy

Muhammad Shahzeb Khan

John H Stroger

Muhammad Ali Khan

University of Alabama

Young-Ho Khang

Seoul National University

Tripti Khanna

Jawaharlal Nehru University

Mona M. Khater

Cairo University

Alireza Khatony

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

Zahra Khazaeipour

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Habibolah Khazaie

Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah Khoja

Johns Hopkins University

Ardeshir Khosravi

Ministry of Health and Medical Education

Mohammad Hossein Khosravi

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences

Jagdish Khubchandani

Ball State University

Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri

Lund University

Helen W. Kiarie

Ministry of Health

Getiye Dejenu Kibret

Daniel Ngari Kiirithio

Kenya Revenue Authority

Daniel Kim

Northeastern University

Jun Y. Kim

University of Washington

Young-Eun Kim

Korea University

Yun Jin Kim

Xiamen University Malaysia

Ruth W. Kimokoti

Simmons College

Yohannes Kinfu

University of Canberra

Sanjay Kinra

Adnan Kisa

Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek

Faculty of Health Sciences

Niranjan Kissoon

Mika Kivimäki

University College London (UCL)

Jonathan M. Kocarnik

University of Washington

Sonali Kochhar

Yoshihiro Kokubo

Tufa Kolola

Debre Berhan University

Jacek A. Kopec

University of British Columbia (UBC)

Margaret N. Kosek

Johns Hopkins University

Soewarta Kosen

Independent Consultant

Parvaiz A. Koul

Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences

Ai Koyanagi

San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park

Michael Kravchenko

Research Center of Neurology

Kewal Krishan

Panjab University

Kristopher J. Krohn

University of Washington

Barthelemy Kuate Defo

Université de Montréal

Burcu Kucuk Bicer

Hacettepe University

Andreas A. Kudom

University of Cape Coast Ghana

Xie Rachel Kulikoff

University of Washington

G. Anil Kumar

Public Health Foundation of India

Manasi Kumar

University College London (UCL)

Pushpendra Kumar

International Institute for Population Sciences

Michael Kutz

University of Washington

Hmwe Hmwe Kyu

University of Washington

Carl Lachat

Ghent university

Deepesh Pravinkumar Lad

Sheetal D Lad

Alessandra Lafranconi

University of Milano-Bicocca

Abraham K. Lagat

Wellcome Trust Research Programme

Dharmesh Kumar Lal

Public Health Foundation of India

Ratilal Lalloo

School of Dentistry

Hilton Lam

Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies

Faris Hasan Lami

Academy of Medical Science

Prabhat Lamichhane

Deakin University

Qing Lan

National Cancer Institute

Justin J. Lang

Public Health Agency of Canada

Van C. Lansingh

Inc.

Sonia Lansky

Municipal Health Department of Belo Horizonte

Heidi Jane Larson

University of Washington

Anders Larsson

Uppsala University

Dennis Odai Laryea

Ghana Health Service

Zohra S. Lassi

University of Copenhagen

Arman Latifi

Maragheh University of Medical Sciences

Kathryn Mei-Ming Lau

University of Washington

Avula Laxmaiah

Indian Council of Medical Research

Jeffrey Victor Lazarus

University of Barcelona

Janet L. Leasher

Nova Southeastern University

Georgy Lebedev

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Jorge R. Ledesma

University of Washington

James B. Lee

University of Washington

Paul H Lee

Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Andrew T. Leever

University of Washington

James Leigh

Asbestos Diseases Research Institute

Mall Leinsalu

Södertörn University

Cheru Tesema Leshargie

Janni Leung

University of Queensland

Sonia Lewycka

University of Oxford

Shanshan Li

School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

Xiaohong Li

West China Hospital

Yichong Li

Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital

Juan Liang

National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance

Xiaofeng Liang

Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Misgan Legesse Liben

Samara University

Lee-Ling Lim

University of Malaya

Miteku Andualem Limenih

Institute of Public Health

Shai Linn

University of Haifa

Shiwei Liu

Centre for Chronic Disease Control

Yang Liu

Rollins School of Public Health

Rakesh Lodha

Giancarlo Logroscino

University of Bari Aldo Moro

Alan D. Lopez

University of Washington

Stefan Lorkowski

Friedrich Schiller University Jena

Paulo A. Lotufo

University of Sao Paulo (USP)

Lydia R. Lucchesi

University of Washington

Ronan A. Lyons

Swansea University

Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan

University of the Philippines Manila

Mark T. Mackay

University of Melbourne

Emilie R. Maddison

University of Washington

Fabiana Madotto

University of Milano-Bicocca

Dhaval P. Maghavani

Grant Medical College and Sir J J Group of Hospitals

Carlos Magis-Rodriguez

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda

Narayan Bahadur Mahotra

Tribhuvan University

Marek Majdan

Department of Public Health

Reza Majdzadeh

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Azeem Majeed

Imperial College London

Reza Malekzadeh

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Deborah Carvalho Malta

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Abdullah A. Mamun

Institute for Social Science Research

Ana-Laura Manda

Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy

Luiz Garcia Mandarano-Filho

University of Sao Paulo (USP)

Srikanth Mangalam

Public Risk Management Institute

Helena Manguerra

University of Washington

Mohammad Ali Mansournia

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Chabila C. Mapoma

University of Zambia

Joemer C Maravilla

Institute for Social Science Research

Wagner Marcenes

King's College London

Ashley Marks

University of Washington

Randall V Martin

Dalhousie University

Sheila Cristina Ouriques Martins

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)

Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo

Science and Technology of Ceará

Ira Martopullo

University of Washington

Tivani Phosa Mashamba-Thompson

Benjamin Ballard Massenburg

Division of Plastic Surgery

Manu Raj Mathur

Public Health Foundation of India

Pallab K Maulik

The George Institute for Global Health

Mohsen Mazidi

Chalmers, Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science

Colm McAlinden

Hywel Dda University Health Board

John J. McGrath

University of Queensland

Martin McKee

Brian J. McMahon

Suresh Mehata

Ipas Nepal

Man Mohan Mehndiratta

Janakpuri Super Specialty Hospital Society

Ravi Mehrotra

National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research

Kala M. Mehta

University of California

Varshil Mehta

Sevenhills Hospital

Fabiola Mejia-Rodriguez

National Institute of Public Health

Tesfa Mekonen

Tefera C. Chane Mekonnen

Wollo University

Hagazi Gebre Meles

Mekelle University

Addisu Melese

Debre Tabor University

Mulugeta Melku

Institute of Public Health

Peter Memiah

University of West Florida

Ziad A. Memish

Alfaisal University

Walter Mendoza

United Nations Population Fund

Desalegn Tadese Mengistu

School of Medicine

Getnet Mengistu

School of Pharmacy

George A. Mensah

Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science

Gert B M Mensink

Robert Koch Institut

Seid Tiku Mereta

Jimma University

Atte Meretoja

School of Health Sciences

Tuomo J. Meretoja

University of Helsinki

Tomislav Mestrovic

Dr Zora Profozic Polyclinic

Haftay Berhane Mezgebe

Ethiopian Academy of Medical Science

Bartosz Miazgowski

Emergency Department

Tomasz Miazgowski

Anoushka Millear

University of Washington

Ted R. Miller

Curtin University

Molly Katherine Miller-Petrie

University of Washington

George J. Milne

University of Western Australia

G.K. Mini

Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies

Shawn Minnig

Bellingham Technical College

Parvaneh Mirabi

Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Center

Mojde Mirarefin

Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health

Erkin M. Mirrakhimov

Kyrgyz State Medical Academy

Awoke Misganaw

University of Washington

Philip B. Mitchell

University of New South Wales (UNSW)

Babak Moazen

Heidelberg University

Ali Akbar Moghadamnia

Karolinska Institutet

Bahram Mohajer

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad

Salahaddin University

Moslem Mohammadi

Noushin Mohammadifard

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi

Mohammed A. Mohammed

The University of Sydney

Shafiu Mohammed

Heidelberg University

Murali B. V. Mohan

Narayana Health

Viswanathan Mohan

Madras Diabetes Research Foundation

Farnam Mohebi

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Modhurima Moitra

University of Washington

Ali H. Mokdad

University of Washington

Mariam Molokhia

King's College London

Lorenzo Monasta

IRCCS Burlo Garofolo

Julio Cesar Montañez

National Health Research Institutes

Mahmood Moosazadeh

Health Sciences Research Center

Ghobad Moradi

Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences

Mahmoudreza Moradi

Maziar Moradi-Lakeh

Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center

Mehdi Moradinazar

School of Public Health

Paula Moraga

Lancaster University

Lidia Morawska

Queensland University of Technology (QUT)

Joana Morgado-Da-costa

Hospital Center of Porto

Naho Morisaki

National Center for Child Health and Development

Shane D. Morrison

Abbas Mosapour

Marilita M Moschos

University of Athens

W Cliff Mountjoy-Venning

University of Washington

Simin Mouodi

Babol University of Medical Sciences

Seyyed Meysam Mousavi

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Achenef Asmamaw Muche

Institute of Public Health

Kindie Fentahun Muchie

Institute of Public Health

Ulrich O. Mueller

Federal Institute for Population Research

Oumer Sada S. Muhammed

Satinath Mukhopadhyay

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism

Erin C. Mullany

University of Washington

Kate Muller

University of Washington

John Everett Mumford

University of Washington

Manoj Murhekar

National Institute of Epidemiology

Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana Murthy

Indian Institute of Public Health

Srinivas Murthy

Jonah Musa

University of Jos

Kamarul Imran Musa

University of Science, Malaysia

Ghulam Mustafa

Nishtar Medical University

Saravanan Muthupandian

Ashraf F. Nabhan

Ain Shams University

Jean B. Nachega

Johns Hopkins University

Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan

Gabriele Nagel

University of Ulm

Mohsen Naghavi

University of Washington

Aliya Naheed

International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh

Azin Nahvijou

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Kovin Naidoo

Gurudatta A. Naik

Nitish Naik

Farid Najafi

Luigi Naldi

San Bortolo Hospital

Hae Sung Nam

Chungnam National University

Vinay Nangia

Suraj Eye Institute

Jobert Richie Njingang Nansseu

Ministry of Public Health

Bruno Ramos Nascimento

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Haseeb Nawaz

Mercy Saint Vincent Medical Center

Nahid Neamati

Ionut Negoi

Emergency Hospital of Bucharest

Ruxandra Irina Negoi

Anatomy and Embryology Department

Subas Neupane

University of Tampere

Charles R. Newton

Frida N. Ngalesoni

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare

Josephine Wanjiku Ngunjiri

University of Embu

Anh Quynh Nguyen

Hanoi School of Public Health

Grant Nguyen

University of Washington

Ha Thu Nguyen

Hanoi School of Public Health

Huong Lan Thi Nguyen

Duy Tan University

Huong Thanh Nguyen

Hanoi School of Public Health

Minh Nguyen

University of Washington

Emma Nichols

University of Washington

Solomon Gedlu Nigatu

Institute of Public Health

Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum

Taipei Medical University

Yirga Legesse Nirayo

Clinical Pharmacy Unit

Muhammad Imran Nisar

Aga Khan University

Molly R. Nixon

University of Washington

Nomonde Nolutshungu

South African Embassy

Marika Nomura

Ole F. Norheim

Mehdi Noroozi

University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences

Bo Norrving

Lund University

Jean Jacques N. Noubiap

University of Cape Town

Hamid Reza Nouri

Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center

Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh

Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences

Mohammad Reza Nowroozi

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Peter S Nyasulu

Stellenbosch University

Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer

American University of Beirut

Richard Ofori-Asenso

Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics

Okechukwu Samuel Ogah

University College Hospital

Felix Akpojene Ogbo

Western Sydney University

In-Hwan Oh

Kyung Hee University

Anselm Okoro

Measurement

Kelechi E. Oladimeji

Olanrewaju Oladimeji

Human Sciences Research Council

Andrew Toyin Olagunju

University of Lagos

Tinuke Oluwasefunmi Olagunju

McMaster University

Pedro R. Olivares

Autonomous University of Chile

Helen E. Olsen

University of Washington

Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya

Center for Healthy Start Initiative

Jacob Olusegun Olusanya

Center for Healthy Start Initiative

Kanyin Ong

University of Washington

Sok King Ong

Ministry of Health

Anu Mary Oommen

University of Copenhagen

John Nelson Opio

University of Copenhagen

Eyal Oren

University of Washington

Andrei Oros

University of Washington

Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano

Center for Health Systems Research

Alberto Ortiz

Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)

Justin R. Ortiz

Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo

Center for Population Health Research

Erika Ota

St Luke's International University

Stanislav S Otstavnov

Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Mayowa Ojo Owolabi

University of Ibadan

P. Mahesh

JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research

Smita Pakhale

University of Ottawa

Abhijit P Pakhare

Centre for Community Medicine

Wen-Harn Pan

Academia Sinica

Adrian Pana

Center for Health Outcomes and Evaluation

Basant Kumar Panda

Songhomitra Panda-Jonas

Heidelberg University

Jeyaraj D. Pandian

University of Copenhagen

Nikolaos Papantoniou

Attikon University Hospital

Eun-Kee Park

College of Medicine

Charles D H Parry

Stellenbosch University

Hadi Parsian

Shanti Patel

Maimonides Medical Center

Sanghamitra Pati

Indian Council of Medical Research

Ajay Patle

International Institute of Health Management Research

George C. Patton

Population Health Group

Vishnupriya Rao Paturi

Diabetes Research Society

Deepak Paudel

Nutrition

Katherine R Paulson

University of Washington

Neil Pearce

Emmanuel K. Peprah

Lung

David M. Pereira

University of Cartagena

Norberto Perico

Aslam Pervaiz

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda

Konrad Pesudovs

Independent Consultant

William A. Petri

University of Virginia

Max Petzold

University of Gothenburg

Michael Robert Phillips

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

David M. Pigott

University of Washington

Julian David Pillay

Durban University of Technology

Meghdad Pirsaheb

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

Martin Pletcher

University of Washington

Constance D. Pond

University of Newcastle

Maarten J. Postma

University of Groningen

Akram Pourshams

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Hossein Poustchi

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Dorairaj Prabhakaran

Public Health Foundation of India

Swayam Prakash

Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences

Narayan Prasad

Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences

Caroline Purcell

University of Washington

Manita Pyakurel

Kathmandu University

Mostafa Qorbani

Alborz University of Medical Sciences

Reginald Quansah

University of Ghana

Amir Radfar

Medichem

Anwar Rafay

Contech School of Public Health

Alireza Rafiei

Fakher Rahim

Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

Kazem Rahimi

Nuffield Department of Population Health

Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Mahfuzar Rahman

La Trobe University

Md Shafiur Rahman

Deakin University

Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman

Muhammad Aziz Rahman

Global Public Health Research Foundation

Sajjad Ur Rahman

Sweidi Hospital

Rajesh Kumar Rai

Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance

Fatemeh Rajati

Sasa Rajsic

Medical University of Innsbruck

Usha Ram

Saleem M. Rana

Contech School of Public Health

Chhabi Lal Ranabhat

Yonsei University

Prabhat Ranjan

Davide Rasella

Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca

David Laith Rawaf

University College London (UCL)

Salman Rawaf

Public Health England

Christian Aspacia Razo-García

Center for Population Health Research

K Srinath Reddy

Public Health Foundation of India

Robert C. Reiner

University of Washington

Cesar Reis

Loma Linda University Medical Center

Marissa B. Reitsma

University of Washington

Giuseppe Remuzzi

Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri

Andre M.N. Renzaho

School of Social Sciences and Psychology

Serge Resnikoff

Brien Holden Vision Institute

Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu

Satar Rezaei

School of Public Health

Shahab Rezaeian

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

Mohammad Sadegh Rezai

Seyed Mohammad Riahi

Birjand University of Medical Sciences

Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Maria Jesus Rios Blancas

Center for Health Systems Research

Kedir Teji Roba

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Nicholas L. S. Roberts

University of Washington

Leonardo Roever

Federal University of Uberlândia

Luca Ronfani

IRCCS Burlo Garofolo

Gholamreza Roshandel

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Ali Rostami

Center for Infectious Diseases Research

Gregory A. Roth

Division of Cardiology

Ambuj Roy

Enrico Rubagotti

IKIAM Amazon Regional University

George Mugambage Ruhago

School of Public Health

Yogesh Damodar Sabde

Indian Council of Medical Research

Perminder S. Sachdev

Prince of Wales Hospital

Basema Saddik

University of Sharjah

Ehsan Sadeghi

Hosein Safari

Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

Yahya Safari

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

Roya Safari-Faramani

Faculty of Public Health

Mahdi Safdarian

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Sare Safi

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Saeid Safiri

Maragheh University of Medical Sciences

Rajesh Sagar

All India Institute of Medical Sciences

Amirhossein Sahebkar

Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Mohammad Ali Sahraian

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Haniye Sadat Sajadi

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Nasir Salam

Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University

Joseph Salama

University of Washington

Payman Salamati

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Raphael De Freitas Saldanha

Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca

Zikria Saleem

Punjab University College of Pharmacy

Yahya Salimi

Hamideh Salimzadeh

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Joshua A. Salomon

Stanford University

Sundeep Santosh Salvi

Chest Research Foundation

Inbal Salz

Ministry of Health

Evanson Zondani Sambala

South African Medical Research Council

Abdallah M. Samy

Ain Shams University

Juan Ramon Sanabria

Marshall University

Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño

Jimenez Diaz Foundation University Hospital Institute for Health Research

Itamar S. Santos

University of Sao Paulo (USP)

Milena M Santric Milicevic

University of Belgrade

Bruno Piassi Sao Jose

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Mayank Sardana

University of Massachusetts

Abdur Razzaque Sarker

International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh

Nizal Sarrafzadegan

School of Population and Public Health

Benn Sartorius

Shahabeddin Sarvi

Toxoplasmosis Research Center

Brijesh Sathian

Hamad Medical Corporation

Maheswar Satpathy

Utkal University

Miloje Savic

GSK Biologicals

Arundhati R. Sawant

D Y Patil Vidyapeeth

Monika Sawhney

The University of North Carolina at Charlotte

Mete I. Saylan

Bayer

Mehdi Sayyah

Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

Elke Schaeffner

Berlin Institute of Health

Maria Inês Schmidt

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)

Ione J. C. Schneider

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Ben Schöttker

German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)

Aletta E. Schutte

North-West University

David C. Schwebel

Falk Schwendicke

Soraya Seedat

Stellenbosch University

Mario Sekerija

University of Zagreb

Sadaf G. Sepanlou

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Edson E. Servan-Mori

Center for Health Systems Research

Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Hosein Shabaninejad

Katya Anne Shackelford

University of Washington

Azadeh Shafieesabet

NYU Langone Health

Amira A. Shaheen

An-Najah National University

Masood Ali Shaikh

Independent Consultant

Mehran Shams-Beyranvand

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Mohammadbagher Shamsi

Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation

Morteza Shamsizadeh

Hamedan University of Medical Sciences

Heidar Sharafi

Middle East Liver Disease Center

Kiomars Sharafi

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

Mehdi Sharif

Islamic Azad University

Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Jayendra Sharma

Ministry of Health

Rajesh Sharma

Delhi Technological University

Sharad Kumar Sharma

Jun She

Fudan University

Aziz Sheikh

University of Edinburgh

Muki Shehu Shey

University of Cape Town

Peilin Shi

Tufts University

Kenji Shibuya

University of Tokyo

Chloe Shields

University of Washington

Girma Temam Shifa

School of Public Health

Mekonnen Sisay Shiferaw

School of Pharmacy

Mika Shigematsu

National Institute of Infectious Diseases

Rahman Shiri

Työterveyslaitos

Reza Shirkoohi

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Shreya Shirude

University of Washington

Kawkab Shishani

Washington State University Pullman

Ivy Shiue

Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg

Farhad Shokraneh

University of Nottingham

Haitham Shoman

Imperial College London

Mark G. Shrime

Harvard University

Sharvari Rahul Shukla

Symbiosis International University

Si Si

School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

Soraya Siabani

Imam Ali Cardiovascular Research Center

Abla Mehio Sibai

American University of Beirut

Tariq J Siddiqi

Dow University of Health Sciences

Inga Dora Sigfusdottir

Reykjavik University

Naris Silpakit

University of Washington

Diego Augusto Santos Silva

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Joao Pedro Silva

University of Porto

Natacha Torres Da Silva

Portuguese Institute of Sport and Youth

Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira

University of Brasilia

Jasvinder A. Singh

Narinder Pal Singh

Max Hospital

Om Prakash Singh

Banaras Hindu University

Prashant Kumar Singh

The Energy and Resources Institute India (TERI)

Virendra Singh

Dhirendra Narain Sinha

School of Preventive Oncology

Eirini Skiadaresi

Hywel Dda University Health Board

Karen Sliwa

University of Cape Town

Amanda E. Smith

University of Washington

Mari Smith

University of Washington

Adauto Martins Soares Filho

Badr H.A. Sobaih

King Khalid University Hospital

Soheila Sobhani

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Michael Soljak

LKCMedicine

Moslem Soofi

School of Public Health

Masoud Soosaraei

A T Still University

Reed J.D. Sorensen

University of Washington

Joan B. Soriano

Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP)

Sergey Soshnikov

Ireneous N. Soyiri

University of Edinburgh

Angela Spinelli

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda

Luciano A. Sposato

Clinical Neurological Sciences

Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy

International Medical University

Raghavendra Guru Srinivasan

Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

Vinay Srinivasan

University of Washington

Jeffrey D. Stanaway

University of Washington

Vladimir I Starodubov

Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Vasiliki Stathopoulou

University of Athens

Nadine Steckling

Klinikum der Universitat Munchen

Dan J. Stein

South African Medical Research Council

Leo G. Stewart

University of Washington

Leo Stockfelt

University of Gothenburg

Mark Andrew Stokes

Deakin University

Kurt Straif

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

Agus Sudaryanto

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

Muawiyyah Babale Sufiyan

Ahmadu Bello University

Bruno F. Sunguya

Patrick J. Sur

University of Washington

Ipsita Sutradhar

BRAC University

Bryan L. Sykes

University of California at Irvine (UCI)

P.N. Sylaja

Neurology Department

Dillon O. Sylte

University of Washington

Cassandra E I Szoeke

Australian Catholic University

Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos

Universitat de Valencia

Takahiro Tabuchi

Osaka International Cancer Institute

Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla

Griffith University

Koku Sisay Tamirat

Nikhil Tandon

Frank C. Tanser

Africa Health Research Institute

Aberash Abay Tassew

Institute of Public Health

Segen Gebremeskel Tassew

Mekelle University

Mohammad Tavakkoli

New York Medical College

Nuno Taveira

University Institute Egas Moniz

Nega Yimer Tawye

Alkan Health Science

Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi

Tigist Gashaw Tekalign

Haramaya University

Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle

School of Public Health

Habtamu Temesgen

Debre Markos University

Mohamad-Hani Temsah

Omar Temsah

Alfaisal University

Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi

University of Virginia

Manaye Yihune Teshale

Destaw Fetene Teshome

Belay Tessema

Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin

Aksum University

J.S. Thakur

School of Public Health

Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan

Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies

Andrew Theis

University of Washington

Sathish Thirunavukkarasu

Nanyang Technological University

Laura Anne Thomas

Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity

Nihal Thomas

University of Copenhagen

Alan J. Thomson

Amanda G. Thrift

Monash University

Binyam Tilahun

Institute of Public Health

Quyen G. To

Queensland University of Technology (QUT)

Ruoyan Tobe-Gai

National Center for Child Health and Development

Marcello Tonelli

University of Calgary

Roman Topor-Madry

Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System

Anna Torre

University of Washington

Miguel Tortajada-Girbés

Universitat de Valencia

Marcos Roberto Tovani Palone

University of Sao Paulo (USP)

Jeffrey A Towbin

Bach Xuan Tran

Hanoi Medical University

Khanh Bao Tran

Military Medical University

Tung Thanh Tran

Duy Tan University

Srikanth Prasad Tripathy

National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis

Christopher Troeger

University of Washington

Thomas Truelsen

University of Copenhagen

Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik

School of Pharmacy

Lorainne Tudor Car

Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine

E Murat Tuzcu

Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Hayley D. Tymeson

University of Washington

Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja

Federal Teaching Hospital

Irfan Ullah

Gomal University

Rachel Updike

University of Washington

Muhammad Shariq Usman

Dow University of Health Sciences

Olalekan A. Uthman

The University of Warwick

Muthiah Vaduganathan

Heart and Vascular Center

Afsane Vaezi

Gaurang Vaidya

University of Louisville

Pascual Rubén Valdez

Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires

Aaron Van Donkelaar

Dalhousie University

Elena Varavikova

Central Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics

Tommi Vasankari

UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research

Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian

Raffles Hospital

Ramesh Vidavalur

Cornell University

Santos Villafaina

Sport Science Department

Francesco S Violante

University of Bologna

Sergey K. Vladimirov

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov

National Research University Higher School of Economics

Sebastian Vollmer

University of Göttingen

Stein Emil Vollset

University of Washington

Theo Vos

University of Washington

Kia Vosoughi

Johns Hopkins University

Isidora S Vujcic

University of Belgrade

Gregory R. Wagner

Fasil Wagnew

Yasir Waheed

Foundation University Medical College

Judd L. Walson

Yanping Wang

University of Sao Paulo (USP)

Yuan-Pang Wang

National Center of Birth Defects Monitoring of China

Molla Mesele Wassie

Institute of Public Health

Elisabete Weiderpass

Cancer Registry of Norway Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research

Robert G. Weintraub

Murdoch Childrens Research Hospital

Jordan Weiss

University of Pennsylvania

Fitsum Weldegebreal

Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs

Clinical Pharmacy Unit

Andrea Werdecker

Independent Consultant

Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh

T. Eoin West

Ronny Westerman

Competence Center Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort

Joanna L. Whisnant

University of Washington

Harvey A. Whiteford

University of Washington

Justyna Widecka

Zdroje Hospital

Katarzyna Widecka

Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin

Tissa Wijeratne

La Trobe University

Lauren B. Wilner

University of Washington

Andrea Sylvia Winkler

Technical University of Munich

Alison B Wiyeh

South African Medical Research Council

Charles Shey Wiysonge

Stellenbosch University

Haileab Fekadu Wolde

Charles D.A. Wolfe

King's College London

Shouling Wu

Kailuan General Hospital

Denis Xavier

St.

Gelin Xu

Nanjing University

Rixing Xu

University of Washington

Ali Yadollahpour

Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari

Milad General Hospital

Bereket Yakob

Harvard University

Tomohide Yamada

University of Tokyo

Lijing L. Yan

Duke University

Yuichiro Yano

Northwestern University

Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Yasin Jemal Yasin

School of Public Health

Pengpeng Ye

Division of Injury Prevention and Mental Health Improvement

Jamal Yearwood

University of Washington

Alex Yeshaneh

Wolkite University

Ebrahim Mohammed

School of Pharmacy

Paul Yip

Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention

Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw

University of South Australia

Engida Yisma

School of Allied Health Sciences

Naohiro Yonemoto

Kyoto University

Gerald Yonga

School of Medicine

Seok-Jun Yoon

Korea University

Marcel Yotebieng

University of Kinshasa

Mustafa Z. Younis

Jackson State University

Mahmoud Yousefifard

Physiology Research Center

Chuanhua Yu

Wuhan University

Sojib Bin Zaman

International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh

Mohammad Zamani

Student Research Committee

Zohreh Zare

Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences

Luis Zavala-Arciniega

Desalegn Tegabu Zegeye

Policy and Planning Directorate

Elias Asfaw Zegeye

Clinton Health Access Initiative

Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke

Kazem Zendehdel

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Taddese Alemu Zerfu

Dilla University

Anthony Lin Zhang

RMIT University

Xueying Zhang

University of Texas

Maigeng Zhou

National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention

Jun Zhu

National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance

Stephanie R.M. Zimsen

University of Washington

Sanjay Zodpey

Indian Institute of Public Health

Leo Zoeckler

University of Washington

Inbar Zucker

Tel Aviv University

Liesl Joanna Zuhlke

University of Cape Town

Stephen S. Lim

University of Washington

Christopher J. L. Murray

University of Washington

The Lancet

0140-6736 (ISSN) 1474-547X (eISSN)

Vol. 392 10159 2091-2138

Subject Categories

Environmental Sciences

Environmental Health and Occupational Health

Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology

DOI

10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32281-5

PubMed

30496107

More information

Latest update

5/23/2024