Medium Voltage Generation System with Five-level NPC Converters for Kite Tidal Power
Licentiate thesis, 2019
The tidal power application utilized in this thesis is the subsea kite, which is a recently developed tidal energy conversion technology that can increase the generated power compared to a traditional static tidal turbine. A turbine is mounted on a submerged kite and the kite moves inside the sea following a predefined trajectory and generating electric power from the tidal currents. The speed and torque of the turbine varies periodically due to the periodic movement of the kite in the sea and, therefore, the control of the generator needs to be able to handle this variable generated power. The kite studied in this thesis has rated active power of 500 kW.
In the first part of the thesis, the power generation system of the subsea kite is modelled and the profile of the generated power is extracted given a specific tidal current and turbine geometry. The control of the power converters is described and tested for the specific profile of the generated power. The speed of the generator is controlled by a properly designed Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm, which ensures that the generator extracts the maximum power from the tidal stream. Experimental verification of the model of this innovative system is also conducted on a laboratory 35 kVA emulator of the tidal power generator.
The second part of the thesis deals with the design of a medium voltage generator drive. The use of medium voltage in the power generation system is highly advantageous for the tidal kite application, since it can reduce the current flowing through the undersea cables connecting the tidal plant to the local grid. Therefore, the size of the cables can be reduced. The drive proposed here uses two 5-level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) converters connected back-to-back. The 5-level NPC converters can operate with high voltage, while using multiple low-voltagerated power switches. Contrarily, the typical 2-Level converters have limited voltage capability, since they would require more expensive high-voltage-rated power switches. The increased operating voltage of the power conversion system results to lower current and losses in the cables. Another advantage of the NPC converter is the low harmonics at the ac side, which reduces the requirements for passive grid filters. However, the voltage balancing of the dc-link capacitors in this converter topology is a challenge which has not been effectively solved in previous studies. Therefore, a novel voltage balancing strategy is proposed here that uses advanced Space-Vector-Modulation techniques and hardware-based voltage balancing schemes with reduced number of components and lower power losses. Finally, a laboratory prototype of the NPC-converter-based power conversion system is developed with rated power 50 kVA. SiC MOSFETs are used on the
converters to further increase the system’s efficiency and voltage capability.
This thesis presents the model, control and laboratory emulator of a kite-based tidal power generator. The experimental set-up can be utilized for conducting research on other renewable sources, such as wind power, that have similar performance. Also, the developed multilevel drive is suitable for various applications where medium voltage grid-connected drives are used and particularly in distributed renewable power generation.
Voltage balancing
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
Medium Voltage Converters
Multilevel Space-Vector-Modulation
Neutral point clamped converter (NPC)
Subsea kite
Tidal power
Author
Georgios Mademlis
Chalmers, Electrical Engineering, Electric Power Engineering
Comparative Study of the Torque Ripple and Iron Losses of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Driven by Multilevel Converters
2018 23rd International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM),;(2018)
Paper in proceeding
Generator Speed Control and Experimental Verification of Tidal Undersea Kite Systems
2018 23rd International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM),;(2018)p. 1531-1537
Paper in proceeding
Feed-Forward Control for Active Voltage Balancing in Electric Drives with Five-Level NPC Converters
2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE),;(2018)
Paper in proceeding
DC Link Voltage Balancing Technique Utilizing Space Vector Control in SiC-based Five-Level Back-to-Back-Connected NPC Converters
2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE),;(2018)p. 3032-3037
Paper in proceeding
Combined Voltage Balancing Techniques of the DC Link in Five-Level Medium Voltage NPC Back-to-Back Converters for Offshore Renewable Generation
2017 19th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,;(2017)
Paper in proceeding
Power Take-Off System for a Subsea Tidal Kite (PowerKite)
European Commission (EC) (EC/H2020/654438), 2016-01-01 -- 2018-06-30.
Driving Forces
Sustainable development
Innovation and entrepreneurship
Areas of Advance
Energy
Subject Categories
Marine Engineering
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Publisher
Chalmers
Room EB, Hörsalsvägen 11
Opponent: Dr. Heinz Lendenmann, ABB AB, Sweden