Vanadium sustainability in the context of innovative recycling and sourcing development
Review article, 2020

This paper addresses the sustainability of vanadium, taking into account the current state-of-the-art related to primary and secondary sources, substitution, production, and market developments. Vanadium plays a critical role in several strategic industrial applications including steel production and probable widespread utilization in next-generation batteries. Confirming the importance of vanadium, the European Commission identified and formally registered this metal on the 2017 list of Critical Raw Materials for the European Union. The United States and Canada have also addressed the importance of this metal. Like the European economy, the American and Canadian economies rely on vanadium and are not globally independent. This recognized importance of vanadium is driving many efforts in academia and industry to develop technologies for the utilization of secondary vanadium resources using hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical techniques. In this paper, current efforts and their outcomes are summarized along with the most recent patents for vanadium recovery.

Recycling

Vanadium

Production

Criticality

Properties

Author

Martina Petranikova

Chalmers, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Energy and Material

A. H. Tkaczyk

University of Tartu

A. Bartl

Vienna University of Technology

A. Amato

Marche Polytechnic University

V. Lapkovskis

Riga Technical University

Cristian Tunsu

Chalmers, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Energy and Material

Waste Management

0956-053X (ISSN) 1879-2456 (eISSN)

Vol. 113 521-544

Subject Categories

Economic Geography

Other Environmental Engineering

Environmental Management

DOI

10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.007

PubMed

32540171

More information

Latest update

7/10/2020