The XXL Survey: XLIV. Sunyaev-Zel'dovich mapping of a low-mass cluster at z ∼1: A multi-wavelength approach
Journal article, 2020
High-mass clusters at low redshifts have been intensively studied at various wavelengths. However, while more distant objects at lower masses constitute the bulk population of future surveys, their physical state remain poorly explored to date. In this paper, we present resolved observations of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, obtained with the NIKA2 camera, towards the cluster of galaxies XLSSC 102, a relatively low-mass system (M500 ∼ 2 × 1014 M·) at z = 0.97 detected from the XXL survey. We combine NIKA2 SZ data, XMM-Newton X-ray data, and Megacam optical data to explore, respectively, the spatial distribution of the gas electron pressure, the gas density, and the galaxies themselves. We find significant offsets between the X-ray peak, the SZ peak, the brightest cluster galaxy, and the peak of galaxy density. Additionally, the galaxy distribution and the gas present elongated morphologies. This is interpreted as the sign of a recent major merging event, which induced a local boost of the gas pressure towards the north of XLSSC 102 and stripped the gas out of the galaxy group. The NIKA2 data are also combined with XXL data to construct the thermodynamic profiles of XLSSC 102, obtaining relatively tight constraints up to about ∼r500, and revealing properties that are typical of disturbed systems. We also explore the impact of the cluster centre definition and the implication of local pressure substructure on the recovered profiles. Finally, we derive the global properties of XLSSC 102 and compare them to those of high-mass-and-low-redshift systems, finding no strong evidence for non-standard evolution. We also use scaling relations to obtain alternative mass estimates from our profiles. The variation between these different mass estimates reflects the difficulty to accurately measure the mass of low-mass clusters at z ∼ 1, especially with low signal-to-noise ratio data and for a disturbed system. However, it also highlights the strength of resolved SZ observations alone and in combination with survey-like X-ray data. This is promising for the study of high redshift clusters from the combination of eROSITA and high resolution SZ instruments and will complement the new generation of optical surveys from facilities such as LSST and Euclid.
X-rays: galaxies: clusters
Galaxies: clusters: individual: XLSSC 102
Techniques: high angular resolution
Galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium
Author
M. Ricci
Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur
Savoie Mont Blanc University
R. M. Adam
Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón
École polytechnique
D. Eckert
University of Geneva
P., Ade
Cardiff University
P. André
University Paris-Saclay
A. Andrianasolo
Grenoble Alpes University
B. Altiéri
European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC)
H. Aussel
University Paris-Saclay
A. Beelen
Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
C. Benoist
Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur
A. Benoît
Grenoble Alpes University
S. Berta
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
A. Bideaud
Grenoble Alpes University
M. Birkinshaw
University of Bristol
O. Bourrion
Grenoble Alpes University
D. Boutigny
Savoie Mont Blanc University
M. Bremer
University of Bristol
M. Calvo
Grenoble Alpes University
A. Cappi
Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
L. Chiappetti
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
A. Catalano
Grenoble Alpes University
M. De Petris
Sapienza University of Rome
F. X. Désert
Grenoble Alpes University
S. Doyle
Cardiff University
E. F.C. Driessen
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
L. Faccioli
University Paris-Saclay
C. Ferrari
Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur
S. Fotopoulou
Durham University
F. Gastaldello
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
P. Giles
University of Bristol
A. Gomez
Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB)
J. Goupy
Grenoble Alpes University
O. Hahn
Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur
Cathy Horellou
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
F. Kéruzoré
Grenoble Alpes University
E. Koulouridis
University Paris-Saclay
National Observatory of Athens
C. Kramer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
B. Ladjelate
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Guilaine Lagache
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
S. Leclercq
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
J.F. Lestrade
Paris Observatory
J. F. Maciás-Pérez
Grenoble Alpes University
B. Maughan
University of Bristol
S. Maurogordato
Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur
P. D. Mauskopf
Cardiff University
Arizona State University
A. Monfardini
Grenoble Alpes University
F. Pacaud
University of Bonn
L. Perotto
Grenoble Alpes University
M. Pierre
University Paris-Saclay
G. Pisano
Cardiff University
E. Pompei
European Southern Observatory Santiago
N. Ponthieu
Grenoble Alpes University
V. Revéret
University Paris-Saclay
A. Ritacco
Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS)
Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
C. Romero
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
H. Roussel
Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC)
F. Ruppin
Grenoble Alpes University
M. Sánchez Portal
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
K. Schuster
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
M. Sereno
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
S. Shu
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
A. Sievers
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
C. Tucker
Cardiff University
K. Umetsu
Academia Sinica
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 642 A126Subject Categories
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics
Geophysics
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/201937249