VLBI Observations of Supernova PTF11qcj: Direct Constraints on the Size of the Radio Ejecta

Journal article, 2021

We present High Sensitivity Array and enhanced Multi-Element Remotely Linked Interferometer Network observations of the radio-loud broad-lined Type Ic supernova PTF11qcj obtained similar to 7.5 yr after the explosion. Previous observations of this supernova at 5.5 yr since explosion showed a double-peaked radio light curve accompanied by a detection in the X-rays, but no evidence for broad H alpha spectral features. The Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations presented here show that the PTF11qcj GHz radio ejecta remains marginally resolved at the submilliarcsecond level 7.5 yr after the explosion, pointing toward a nonrelativistic expansion. Our VLBI observations thus favor a scenario in which the second peak of the PTF11qcj radio light curve is related to the strong interaction of the supernova ejecta with a circumstellar medium of variable density, rather than to the emergence of an off-axis jet. Continued VLBI monitoring of PTF11qcj in the radio may further strengthen this conclusion.