ALCHEMI, an ALMA Comprehensive High-resolution Extragalactic Molecular Inventory: Survey presentation and first results from the ACA array
Journal article, 2021

Context. The interstellar medium is the locus of physical processes affecting the evolution of galaxies which drive or are the result of star formation activity, supermassive black hole growth, and feedback. The resulting physical conditions determine the observable chemical abundances that can be explored through molecular emission observations at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. Aims. Our goal is to unveiling the molecular richness of the central region of the prototypical nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253 at an unprecedented combination of sensitivity, spatial resolution, and frequency coverage. Methods. We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), covering a nearly contiguous 289 GHz frequency range between 84.2 and 373.2 GHz, to image the continuum and spectral line emission at 1.6″(∼28 pc) resolution down to a sensitivity of 30 - 50 mK. This article describes the ALMA Comprehensive High-resolution Extragalactic Molecular Inventory (ALCHEMI) large program. We focus on the analysis of the spectra extracted from the 15″ (∼255 pc) resolution ALMA Compact Array data. Results. We modeled the molecular emission assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium with 78 species being detected. Additionally, multiple hydrogen and helium recombination lines are identified. Spectral lines contribute 5 to 36% of the total emission in frequency bins of 50 GHz. We report the first extragalactic detections of C2H5OH, HOCN, HC3HO, and several rare isotopologues. Isotopic ratios of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and silicon were measured with multiple species. Concluison. Infrared pumped vibrationaly excited HCN, HNC, and HC3N emission, originating in massive star formation locations, is clearly detected at low resolution, while we do not detect it for HCO+. We suggest high temperature conditions in these regions driving a seemingly "carbon-rich"chemistry which may also explain the observed high abundance of organic species close to those in Galactic hot cores. The Lvib/LIR ratio was used as a proxy to estimate a 3% contribution from the proto super star cluster to the global infrared emission. Measured isotopic ratios with high dipole moment species agree with those within the central kiloparsec of the Galaxy, while those derived from 13C/18O are a factor of five larger, confirming the existence of multiple interstellar medium components within NGC 253 with different degrees of nucleosynthesis enrichment. The ALCHEMI data set provides a unique template for studies of star-forming galaxies in the early Universe.

Galaxies: individual: NGC 253

Line: identification

Galaxies: starburst

Galaxies: ISM

Submillimeter: ISM

ISM: molecules

Author

S. Martin

European Southern Observatory Santiago

Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA)

J. G. Mangum

National Radio Astronomy Observatory

N. Harada

Academia Sinica

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Francesco Costagliola

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics

K. Sakamoto

Academia Sinica

Sebastien Muller

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Onsala Space Observatory

Rebeca Aladro

Max Planck Society

Kunihiko Tanaka

Keio University

Y. Yoshimura

University of Tokyo

K. Nakanishi

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)

R. Herrero-Illana

European Southern Observatory Santiago

Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) - CSIC

S. Muhle

University of Bonn

Susanne Aalto

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics

E. Behrens

University of Virginia

L. Colzi

Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB)

Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

K.L. Emig

National Radio Astronomy Observatory

G. A. Fuller

Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)

University of Manchester

S. G. Burillo

Spanish National Observatory (OAN)

T. R. Greve

Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

University College London (UCL)

C. Henkel

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Max Planck Society

King Abdulaziz University

Jonathan Holdship

University College London (UCL)

Leiden University

Pedro Humire

Max Planck Society

L. K. Hunt

Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

T. Izumi

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

K. Kohno

Research Center for the Early Universe

University of Tokyo

Sabine König

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Onsala Space Observatory

D. S. Meier

National Radio Astronomy Observatory Socorro

New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology

T. Nakajima

Nagoya University

Y. Nishimura

University of Tokyo

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

M. Padovani

Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

Víctor M. Rivilla

Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB)

S. Takano

Nihon University

P. van der Werf

Leiden University

Serena Viti

University College London (UCL)

Leiden University

Y. T. Yan

Max Planck Society

Astronomy and Astrophysics

0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)

Vol. 656 A46

Subject Categories

Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics

Physical Geography

DOI

10.1051/0004-6361/202141567

More information

Latest update

12/20/2021