DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
Journal article, 2022
DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
fusion energy
core-edge integration
DIII-D
plasma physics
tokamak
Author
M.E. Fenstermacher
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
J. Abbate
Princeton University
S. Abe
Princeton University
T. Abrams
General Atomics
M. Adams
General Atomics
B. Adamson
General Atomics
N. Aiba
QST
Tsuyoshi Akiyama
General Atomics
P B Aleynikov
Max Planck Society
E. Allen
General Atomics
S. Allen
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
H. Anand
General Atomics
Johan Anderson
General Atomics
Y. Andrew
Imperial College London
T. Andrews
General Atomics
D. Appelt
General Atomics
R. Arbon
Princeton University
N. Ashikawa
National Institutes of Natural Sciences
A. Ashourvan
Princeton University
M. Aslin
Mt. Holyoke College
Y. Asnis
University of Sao Paulo (USP)
M. Austin
The University of Texas at Austin
D. Ayala
General Atomics
J. Bak
National Fusion Research Institute
I. Bandyopadhyay
ITER-India
S. Banerjee
College of William and Mary
K. Barada
University of California
L. Bardoczi
General Atomics
J. Barr
General Atomics
E. Bass
University of California
D. Battaglia
Princeton University
A. Battey
Columbia University
W. Baumgartner
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
L. Baylor
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
J. Beckers
Eindhoven University of Technology
M. Beidler
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
E Belli
General Atomics
J. Berkery
Columbia University
T. Bernard
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
N. Bertelli
Princeton University
M. N. A. Beurskens
Max Planck Society
R. Bielajew
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
S. Bilgili
West Virginia University
B. Biswas
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
S. Blondel
University of Tennessee
J.A. Boedo
University of California
I. Bogatu
FAR-TECH, Inc.
R. Boivin
General Atomics
T. Bolzonella
Consorzio Rfx
M. Bongard
University of Wisconsin Madison
X. Bonnin
ITER Organization
P.T. Bonoli
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
M. Bonotto
Consorzio Rfx
A. Bortolon
Princeton University
S. Bose
Princeton University
N. Bosviel
Stony Brook University
S. Bouwmans
Eindhoven University of Technology
M. Boyer
Princeton University
W. Boyes
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L. Bradley
University of California
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D. Brennan
Princeton University
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M. Brookman
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J. Brooks
Purdue University
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University of California
G. Brown
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
W. Brown
Princeton University
M. Burke
University of Wisconsin Madison
K. Burrell
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K. Butler
University of Tennessee
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University of California
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University of Tennessee
K. Callahan
University of California
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University of Wisconsin Madison
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Oak Ridge National Laboratory
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University of Seville
N. Cao
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
T. Carlstrom
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W. Carrig
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T. Carter
University of California
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M. Cengher
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G. Cespedes Paz
Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia
R. Chaban
College of William and Mary
V. Chan
University of Science and Technology of China
B. Chapman
University of Wisconsin Madison
I. Char
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
A. Chattopadhyay
Institute for Plasma Research India
R. Chen
ASIPP
J. Chen
ASIPP
X. Chen
General Atomics
X. Chen
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
J. Chen
Beijing University of Technology
M. Chen
University of California
J. Chen
University of California
Z. Chen
The University of Texas at Austin
M. Choi
National Fusion Research Institute
W. Choi
Princeton University
G. Choi
University of California at Irvine (UCI)
L. Chousal
University of California
C. Chrobak
Commonwealth Fusion Systems
C. Chrystal
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Y. Chung
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
R. Churchill
Princeton University
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University of Liverpool
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Princeton University
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Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
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A. Salmi
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
B. Sammuli
General Atomics
C. Samuell
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
A. Sandorfi
Jefferson Lab
C. Sang
Dalian University of Technology
J. Sarff
University of Wisconsin Madison
O. Sauter
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
K. Schaubel
General Atomics
L. Schmitz
University of California
O. Schmitz
University of Wisconsin Madison
J. Schneider
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
P. Schroeder
General Atomics
K. Schultz
General Atomics
E. Schuster
Lehigh University
J. Schwartz
Princeton University
F. Sciortino
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
F. Scotti
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
J. T. Scoville
General Atomics
A. Seltzman
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
S. Seol
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
I. Sfiligoi
University of California
M. Shafer
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
S. E. Sharapov
Culham Science Centre
H. Shen
General Atomics
Z. Sheng
ASIPP
T. Shepard
General Atomics
S. Shi
University of Science and Technology of China
Y. Shibata
Gifu College
G. Shin
Korea National Fusion Research Center
D. Shiraki
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
R. Shousha
Princeton University
H. Si
ASIPP
P. Simmerling
University of Connecticut
G. Sinclair
General Atomics
J. Sinha
ITER Organization
P. Sinha
Princeton University
G. Sips
General Atomics
T. Sizyuk
Purdue University
C. Skinner
Princeton University
A. Sladkomedova
University of California
T. Slendebroek
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
J. Slief
Eindhoven University of Technology
R. Smirnov
University of California
J. Smith
General Atomics
S. Smith
General Atomics
D. Smith
University of Wisconsin Madison
J A Snipes
ITER Organization
G. Snoep
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
A. Snyder
General Atomics
P. Snyder
General Atomics
E. Solano
Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (Ciemat)
W. Solomon
General Atomics
J. Song
Hanyang University
A. C. Sontag
University of Wisconsin Madison
V. Soukhanovskii
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
J. Spendlove
Brigham Young University
D. Spong
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
J. Squire
General Atomics
C. Srinivasan
Culham Science Centre
W. Stacey
Georgia Institute of Technology
G. Staebler
General Atomics
L. Stagner
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
T. Stange
Max Planck Society
P. Stangeby
University of Toronto
R. Stefan
General Atomics
R. Stemprok
General Atomics
D. Stephan
General Atomics
J. Stillerman
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
T. Stoltzfus-Dueck
Princeton University
W. Stonecipher
General Atomics
S. Storment
University of California
E. J. Strait
General Atomics
D. Su
General Atomics
L. Sugiyama
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Y. Sun
ASIPP
P. Sun
ASIPP
Z. Sun
Princeton University
A. Sun
Southwestern Institute of Physics China
D. Sundstrom
General Atomics
C. Sung
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
J. Sungcoco
General Atomics
W. Suttrop
Max Planck Society
Y. Suzuki
National Institutes of Natural Sciences
T.T. Suzuki
QST
A. Svyatkovskiy
Princeton University
C. Swee
University of Wisconsin Madison
R. Sweeney
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
C. Sweetnam
Princeton University
G. Szepesi
Culham Science Centre
M. Takechi
QST
T. Tala
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
K. Tanaka
National Institutes of Natural Sciences
X. Tang
Los Alamos National Laboratory
S. Tang
University of California
Y. Tao
ASIPP
R. Tao
General Atomics
D. Taussig
General Atomics
T. Taylor
General Atomics
K. Teixeira
General Atomics
K. Teo
University of Washington
A. Theodorsen
University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway
D. Thomas
General Atomics
K. E. Thome
General Atomics
A. Thorman
Australian National University
A.J. Thornton
Culham Science Centre
A. Ti
ASIPP
M. Tillack
University of California
Natalia Timchenko
National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute"
R. A. Tinguely
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
R. Tompkins
General Atomics
J. Tooker
General Atomics
A. Torrezan De Sousa
General Atomics
G.L. Trevisan
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
S. Tripathi
University of California
A. Trujillo Ochoa
Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria
D. Truong
Sandia National Laboratories
C.K. Tsui
University of California
F. Turco
Columbia University
A. Turnbull
General Atomics
M. V. Umansky
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
E. Unterberg
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
P. Vaezi
University of California
P. Vail
Princeton University
J. Valdez
General Atomics
W. Valkis
University of California
B. Van Compernolle
General Atomics
J. Van Galen
Eindhoven University of Technology
R. Van Kampen
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
M.A. Van Zeeland
General Atomics
Geert Verdoolaege
Ghent university
N. Vianello
Consorzio Rfx
B. Victor
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
E. Viezzer
University of Seville
S. Vincena
University of California
M. Wade
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
F. Waelbroeck
The University of Texas at Austin
J. Wai
Princeton University
Takuma Wakatsuki
QST
M. Walker
General Atomics
G.M. Wallace
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
R. Waltz
General Atomics
W. Wampler
Sandia National Laboratories
L. Wang
ASIPP
H. Wang
ASIPP
Y. Wang
ASIPP
H. Wang
General Atomics
Z. Wang
Lehigh University
H. Wang
Lehigh University
Z. Wang
Princeton University
Y. Wang
University of California
G. Wang
University of California
S. Ward
University of York
M. Watkins
General Atomics
J. Watkins
Sandia National Laboratories
W. Wehner
General Atomics
Y. Wei
Columbia University
M. Weiland
Max Planck Society
D. Weisberg
General Atomics
A. Welander
General Atomics
A.E. White
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
R. White
Princeton University
S. Wiesen
Forschungszentrum Jülich
R. Wilcox
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
T. Wilks
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
M. Willensdorfer
Max Planck Society
H.R. Wilson
University of York
A. Wingen
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
M. Wolde
General Atomics
M. Wolff
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
K. Woller
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
A. Wolz
University of Virginia
H. Wong
University of California
S. Woodruff
Woodruff Scientific Incorporated
M. Wu
ASIPP
Y. Wu
University of Science and Technology of China
S. Wukitch
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
G. Wurden
Los Alamos National Laboratory
W. Xiao
Zhejiang University
R. Xie
The University of Texas at Austin
Z. Xing
Princeton University
X. Xu
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
C. Xu
Princeton University
G. Xu
University of Science and Technology of China
Z. Yan
University of Wisconsin Madison
X. Yang
Dalian University of Technology
S. Yang
Princeton University
T. Yokoyama
University of Tokyo
R. Yoneda
University of California
Maiko Yoshida
QST
K. You
National Fusion Research Institute
T. Younkin
University of Tennessee
J. Yu
General Atomics
M. Yu
National Fusion Research Institute
G. Yu
University of California
Q. Yuan
ASIPP
L. Zaidenberg
University of Michigan
L. Zakharov
LiWFusion
A. Zamengo
General Atomics
S. Zamperini
University of Tennessee
M. Zarnstorff
Princeton University
E. Zeger
University of California
K. Zeller
General Atomics
L. Zeng
University of California
M. Zerbini
ENEA
L. Zhang
ASIPP
X. Zhang
ASIPP
R. Zhang
ASIPP
B. Zhang
ASIPP
J. Zhang
ASIPP
J. Zhang
ASIPP
L. Zhao
FAR-TECH, Inc.
B. Zhao
The University of Texas at Austin
Y. Zheng
University of California
L. Zheng
The University of Texas at Austin
B. Zhu
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
J. Zhu
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Y. Zhu
University of California
Y. Zhu
University of California at Irvine (UCI)
M. Zsutty
General Atomics
M. Zuin
Consorzio Rfx
Nuclear Fusion
00295515 (ISSN) 17414326 (eISSN)
Vol. 62 4 042024Subject Categories
Other Physics Topics
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
DOI
10.1088/1741-4326/ac2ff2