The TESS-Keck Survey. XI. Mass Measurements for Four Transiting Sub-Neptunes Orbiting K Dwarf TOI-1246
Journal article, 2022
Multiplanet systems are valuable arenas for investigating exoplanet architectures and comparing planetary siblings. TOI-1246 is one such system, with a moderately bright K dwarf (V = 11.6, K = 9.9) and four transiting sub-Neptunes identified by TESS with orbital periods of 4.31, 5.90, 18.66, and 37.92 days. We collected 130 radial velocity observations with Keck/HIRES and TNG/HARPS-N to measure planet masses. We refit the 14 sectors of TESS photometry to refine planet radii (2.97 +/- 0.06 R (circle plus), 2.47 +/- 0.08 R (circle plus), 3.46 +/- 0.09 R (circle plus), and 3.72 +/- 0.16 R (circle plus)) and confirm the four planets. We find that TOI-1246 e is substantially more massive than the three inner planets (8.1 +/- 1.1 M (circle plus), 8.8 +/- 1.2 M (circle plus), 5.3 +/- 1.7 M (circle plus), and 14.8 +/- 2.3 M (circle plus)). The two outer planets, TOI-1246 d and TOI-1246 e, lie near to the 2:1 resonance (P (e)/P ( d ) = 2.03) and exhibit transit-timing variations. TOI-1246 is one of the brightest four-planet systems, making it amenable for continued observations. It is one of only five systems with measured masses and radii for all four transiting planets. The planet densities range from 0.70 +/- 0.24 to 3.21 +/- 0.44 g cm(-3), implying a range of bulk and atmospheric compositions. We also report a fifth planet candidate found in the RV data with a minimum mass of 25.6 +/- 3.6 M (circle plus). This planet candidate is exterior to TOI-1246 e, with a candidate period of 93.8 days, and we discuss the implications if it is confirmed to be planetary in nature.
Author
Turtelboom
University of California at Berkeley
Lauren M. Weiss
University of Notre Dame
Courtney D. Dressing
University of California at Berkeley
Grzegorz Nowak
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Enric Palle
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
Corey Beard
University of California at Irvine (UCI)
Sarah Blunt
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Casey Brinkman
University of Hawaii
Ashley Chontos
University of Hawaii
Zachary R. Claytor
University of Hawaii
Fei Dai
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Paul A. Dalba
University of California at Riverside
University of California at Santa Cruz
Steven Giacalone
University of California at Berkeley
Erica Gonzales
University of California at Santa Cruz
Caleb K. Harada
University of California at Berkeley
Michelle L. Hill
University of California at Riverside
Rae Holcomb
University of California at Irvine (UCI)
Judith Korth
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
Jack Lubin
University of California at Irvine (UCI)
Thomas Masseron
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Mason MacDougall
University of California at Los Angeles
Andrew W. Mayo
University of Copenhagen
University of California at Berkeley
Teo Mocnik
NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab)
Joseph M. Akana Murphy
University of California at Santa Cruz
Alex S. Polanski
University of Kansas
Malena Rice
Yale University
Ryan A. Rubenzahl
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Nicholas Scarsdale
University of California at Santa Cruz
Keivan G. Stassun
Vanderbilt University
Dakotah B. Tyler
University of California at Los Angeles
Judah Van Zandt
University of California at Los Angeles
Ian J. M. Crossfield
University of Kansas
Hans J. Deeg
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Benjamin Fulton
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Davide Gandolfi
University of Turin
Andrew W. Howard
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Dan Huber
University of Hawaii
Howard Isaacson
University of Southern Queensland
University of California at Berkeley
Stephen R. Kane
University of California at Riverside
Kristine W. F. Lam
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Rafael Luque
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
Eduardo L. Martin
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
University of La Laguna
Giuseppe Morello
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
Jaume Orell-Miquel
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Erik A. Petigura
University of California at Los Angeles
Paul Robertson
University of California at Irvine (UCI)
Arpita Roy
Johns Hopkins University
Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)
Vincent Van Eylen
University College London (UCL)
David Baker
Austin College
Alexander A. Belinski
Moscow State University
Allyson Bieryla
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
David R. Ciardi
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Karen A. Collins
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Neil Cutting
Austin College
Devin J. Della-Rose
US Air Force Academy
Taylor B. Ellingsen
George Mason University
E. Furlan
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Tianjun Gan
Tsinghua University
Crystal L. Gnilka
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Pere Guerra
Albanyà Astronomical Observatory
Steve B. Howell
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Mary Jimenez
George Mason University
David W. Latham
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Maude Lariviere
McGill University
Université de Montréal
Lester
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Jorge Lillo-Box
Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB)
Lindy Luker
Austin College
Christopher R. Mann
Université de Montréal
Peter P. Plavchan
George Mason University
Boris Safonov
Moscow State University
Brett Skinner
Austin College
Ivan A. Strakhov
Moscow State University
Justin M. Wittrock
George Mason University
Douglas A. Caldwell
SETI Institute
Zahra Essack
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Jon M. Jenkins
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Quintana
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
George R. Ricker
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Roland Vanderspek
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
S. Seager
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Joshua N. Winn
Princeton University
Astronomical Journal
0004-6256 (ISSN) 1538-3881 (eISSN)
Vol. 163 6 293Subject Categories (SSIF 2011)
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Other Physics Topics
Condensed Matter Physics
DOI
10.3847/1538-3881/ac69e5