AGATA - Advanced GAmma Tracking Array
Journal article, 2012
The Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA) is a European project to develop and operate the next generation γ-ray spectrometer. AGATA is based on the technique of γ-ray energy tracking in electrically segmented high-purity germanium crystals. This technique requires the accurate determination of the energy, time and position of every interaction as a γ ray deposits its energy within the detector volume. Reconstruction of the full interaction path results in a detector with very high efficiency and excellent spectral response. The realisation of γ-ray tracking and AGATA is a result of many technical advances. These include the development of encapsulated highly segmented germanium detectors assembled in a triple cluster detector cryostat, an electronics system with fast digital sampling and a data acquisition system to process the data at a high rate. The full characterisation of the crystals was measured and compared with detector- response simulations. This enabled pulse-shape analysis algorithms, to extract energy, time and position, to be employed. In addition, tracking algorithms for event reconstruction were developed. The first phase of AGATA is now complete and operational in its first physics campaign. In the future AGATA will be moved between laboratories in Europe and operated in a series of campaigns to take advantage of the different beams and facilities available to maximise its science output. The paper reviews all the achievements made in the AGATA project including all the necessary infrastructure to operate and support the spectrometer. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Pulse-shape and γ-ray tracking algorithms
Semiconductor detector performance and simulations
HPGe detectors
AGATA
Digital signal processing
γ-Ray tracking
γ-Ray spectroscopy
Author
S. Akkoyun
Ankara Universitesi
A. Algora
Universitat de Valencia
B. Alikhani
Technische Universität Darmstadt
F. Ameil
Helmholtz
G. de Angelis
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
L. Arnold
University of Strasbourg
A. Astier
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
A. Ataç
Ankara Universitesi
Y. Aubert
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
C. Aufranc
Université de Lyon
A. Austin
Daresbury Laboratory
S. Aydin
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
F. Azaiez
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
S. Badoer
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
D.L. Balabanski
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
D. Barrientos
Universitat de Valencia
G. Baulieu
Université de Lyon
R. Baumann
University of Strasbourg
D. Bazzacco
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
F.A. Beck
University of Strasbourg
T. Beck
Helmholtz
P. Bednarczyk
Polish Academy of Sciences
M. Bellato
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
M.A. Bentley
University of York
G. Benzoni
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
R. Berthier
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
L. Berti
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
R. Beunard
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
G. Lo Bianco
B. Birkenbach
University of Cologne
P.G. Bizzeti
University of Florence
A.M. Bizzeti-Sona
University of Florence
F. Le Blanc
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
J.M. Blasco
Universitat de Valencia
N. Blasi
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
D. Bloor
University of York
C. Boiano
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
M. Borsato
University of Padua
D. Bortolato
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
A. Boston
University of Liverpool
H.C. Boston
University of Liverpool
P. Bourgault
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
P. Boutachkov
Technische Universität Darmstadt
A. Bouty
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
A. Bracco
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
S. Brambilla
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
I.P. Brawn
STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
A. Brondi
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
S. Broussard
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
B. Bruyneel
University of Cologne
D. Bucurescu
Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering
I. Burrows
Daresbury Laboratory
A. Bürger
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
S. Cabaret
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
B. Cahan
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
E. Calore
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
F. Camera
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
A. Capsoni
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
F. Carrió
Universitat de Valencia
G. Casati
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
M. Castoldi
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
B. Cederwall
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
J.-L. Cercus
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
V. Chambert
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
M. El Chambit
University of Strasbourg
R. Chapman
University of the West of Scotland
L. Charles
University of Strasbourg
J. Chavas
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
E. Clement
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
P. Cocconi
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
S. Coelli
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
P.J. Coleman-Smith
Daresbury Laboratory
A. Colombo
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
S. Colosimo
University of Liverpool
C. Commeaux
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
D. Conventi
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
R. J. Cooper
University of Liverpool
A. Corsi
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
A. Cortesi
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
L. Costa
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
F.C.L. Crespi
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
J.R. Cresswell
University of Liverpool
D. M. Cullen
University of Manchester
D. Curien
University of Strasbourg
A. Czermak
Polish Academy of Sciences
D. Delbourg
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
R. Depalo
University of Padua
T. Descombes
Universite Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1
P. Désesquelles
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
P. Detistov
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
C. Diarra
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
F. Didierjean
University of Strasbourg
M.R. Dimmock
University of Liverpool
Q.T. Doan
Université de Lyon
C. Domingo-Pardo
Universitat de Valencia
M. Doncel
University of Salamanca
F. Dorangeville
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
N. Dosme
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
Y. Drouen
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
G. Duchêne
University of Strasbourg
B. Dulny
Polish Academy of Sciences
J. Eberth
University of Cologne
P. Edelbruck
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
J. Egea
Universitat de Valencia
T. Engert
Helmholtz
M.N. Erduran
Istanbul University
S. Ertürk
Science Faculty
C. Fanin
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
S. Fantinel
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
E. Farnea
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
T. Faul
University of Strasbourg
M. Filliger
University of Strasbourg
F. Filmer
University of Liverpool
Ch. Finck
University of Strasbourg
G. de France
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
A. Gadea
Universitat de Valencia
W. Gast
Forschungszentrum Jülich
A. Geraci
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
J. Gerl
Helmholtz
R. Gernhäuser
Technical University of Munich
A. Giannatiempo
University of Florence
A. Giaz
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
L. Gibelin
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
A. Givechev
Technische Universität Darmstadt
N. Goel
Technische Universität Darmstadt
V. González
Universitat de Valencia
A. Gottardo
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
X. Grave
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
J. Grȩbosz
Polish Academy of Sciences
R. Griffiths
Daresbury Laboratory
A.N. Grint
University of Liverpool
P. Gros
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
L. Guevara
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
M. Gulmini
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
A. Görgen
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
H.T.M. Ha
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
T. Habermann
Helmholtz
L. J. Harkness-Brennan
University of Liverpool
H. Harroch
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
K. Hauschild
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
C. He
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
A. Hernández-Prieto
University of Salamanca
B. Hervieu
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
H. Hess
University of Cologne
T. Hüyük
Universitat de Valencia
E. Ince
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
R. Isocrate
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
G. Jaworski
Warsaw University of Technology
A. Johnson
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
J. Jolie
University of Cologne
P. Jones
University of Jyväskylä
Björn Jonson
Chalmers, Applied Physics, Subatomic Physics
P. Joshi
University of York
D. S. Judson
University of Liverpool
A. Jungclaus
CSIC - Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM)
M. Kaci
Universitat de Valencia
N. Karkour
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
M. Karolak
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
A. Kaşkaş
Ankara Universitesi
M. Kebbiri
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
R.S. Kempley
University of Surrey
A. Khaplanov
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
S. Klupp
Technical University of Munich
M. Kogimtzis
Daresbury Laboratory
I. Kojouharov
Helmholtz
A. Korichi
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
W. Korten
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
T. Kröll
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
R. Krucken
Technical University of Munich
N. Kurz
Helmholtz
B.Y. Ky
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
M. Labiche
Daresbury Laboratory
X. Lafay
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
L. Lavergne
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
I. Lazarus
Daresbury Laboratory
S. Leboutelier
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
F. Lefebvre
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
E. Legay
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
L. Legeard
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
F. Lelli
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
S.M. Lenzi
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
S. Leoni
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
A. Lermitage
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
D. Lersch
University of Cologne
J. Leske
Technische Universität Darmstadt
S.C. Letts
Daresbury Laboratory
S. Lhenoret
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
R.M. Lieder
Forschungszentrum Jülich
D. Linget
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
J. Ljungvall
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
A. Lopez-Martens
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
A. Lotodé
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
S. Lunardi
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
A. Maj
Polish Academy of Sciences
J. Van Der Marel
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
Y. Mariette
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
N. Marginean
Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering
R. Marginean
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
G. Maron
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
A.R. Mather
University of Liverpool
W. Mȩczyński
Polish Academy of Sciences
V. Mendéz
Universitat de Valencia
P. Medina
University of Strasbourg
B. Melon
University of Florence
R. Menegazzo
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
D. Mengoni
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
E. Merchan
Technische Universität Darmstadt
L. Mihailescu
Forschungszentrum Jülich
C. Michelagnoli
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
J. Mierzejewski
University of Warsaw
L. Milechina
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
B. Million
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
K. Mitev
Sofia University
P. Molini
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
D. Montanari
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
S. Moon
University of Liverpool
F. Morbiducci
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
R. Moro
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
P.S. Morrall
Daresbury Laboratory
O. Moller
Technische Universität Darmstadt
A. Nannini
INFN Sezione di Firenze
D.R. Napoli
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
L. Nelson
University of Liverpool
M. Nespolo
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
V.L. Ngo
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
M. Nicoletto
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
R. Nicolini
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
Y. Le Noa
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
P.J. Nolan
University of Liverpool
M. Norman
University of Liverpool
J. Nyberg
Uppsala University
A. Obertelli
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
A. Olariu
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
R. Orlandi
University of the West of Scotland
D.C. Oxley
University of Liverpool
C. Özben
Istanbul Technical University (ITÜ)
M. Ozille
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
C. Oziol
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
E. Pachoud
University of Strasbourg
M. Palacz
University of Warsaw
J. Palin
Daresbury Laboratory
J. Pancin
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
C. Parisel
University of Strasbourg
P. Pariset
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
G. Pascovici
University of Cologne
R. Peghin
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
L. Pellegri
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
A. Perego
University of Florence
S. Perrier
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
M. Petcu
Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering
P. Petkov
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
C. Petrache
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
E. Pierre
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
N. Pietralla
Technische Universität Darmstadt
S. Pietri
Helmholtz
M. Pignanelli
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
I. Piqueras
University of Strasbourg
Z. Podolyak
University of Surrey
P. Le Pouhalec
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
J. Pouthas
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
D. Pugnére
Université de Lyon
V. Pucknell
Daresbury Laboratory
A. Pullia
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
B. Quintana
University of Salamanca
R. Raine
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
G. Rainovski
Sofia University
L. Ramina
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
G. Rampazzo
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
G. La Rana
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
M. Rebeschini
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
F. Recchia
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
N. Redon
Université de Lyon
M. Reese
Technische Universität Darmstadt
P. Reiter
University of Cologne
P. H. Regan
University of Surrey
S. Riboldi
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
M. Richer
University of Strasbourg
M. Rigato
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
S. Rigby
University of Liverpool
G. Ripamonti
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
A.P. Robinson
University of Manchester
J. Robin
University of Strasbourg
J. Roccaz
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
J.-A. Ropert
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
B. Rossé
Université de Lyon
C. Rossi Alvarez
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
D. Rosso
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
Berta Rubio
Universitat de Valencia
D. Rudolph
Lund University
F. Saillant
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
E. Şahin
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
F. Salomon
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
M. D. Salsac
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
J. Salt
Universitat de Valencia
G. Salvato
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
J. Sampson
University of Liverpool
E. Sanchis
Universitat de Valencia
C. Santos
University of Strasbourg
H. Schaffner
Helmholtz
M. Schlarb
Technical University of Munich
D. Scraggs
University of Liverpool
D. Seddon
University of Liverpool
M. Şenyiǧit
Ankara Universitesi
M.-H. Sigward
University of Strasbourg
G. Simpson
Universite Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1
J. Simpson
Daresbury Laboratory
M. Slee
University of Liverpool
J.F. Smith
University of the West of Scotland
P. Sona
University of Florence
B. Sowicki
Polish Academy of Sciences
P. Spolaore
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
C. Stahl
Technische Universität Darmstadt
T. Stanios
University of Liverpool
E. Stefanova
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
O. Stezowski
Université de Lyon
J. Strachan
Daresbury Laboratory
G. Suliman
University of Bonn
P.-A. Söderström
Uppsala University
J.L. Tain
Universitat de Valencia
S. Tanguy
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
S. Tashenov
Helmholtz
Ch. Theisen
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
J. Thornhill
University of Liverpool
F. Tomasi
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
N. Toniolo
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
R. Touzery
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
B. Travers
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
A. Triossi
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
M. Tripon
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
K.M.M. Tun-Lanoë
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
M. Turcato
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
C. Unsworth
University of Liverpool
C.A. Ur
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
J.J. Valiente-Dobon
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
V. Vandone
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
E. Vardaci
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
R. Venturelli
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
F. Veronese
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
C., Veyssiere
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
E. Viscione
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
R. Wadsworth
University of York
P.M. Walker
University of Surrey
N. Warr
University of Cologne
C. Weber
University of Strasbourg
D. Weisshaar
University of Cologne
D. Wells
University of Liverpool
O. Wieland
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
A. Wiens
University of Cologne
G. Wittwer
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
H.J. Wollersheim
Helmholtz
F. Zocca
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
N.V. Zamfir
University of Bonn
M. Zieblinski
Polish Academy of Sciences
A. Zucchiatti
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
0168-9002 (ISSN)
Vol. 668 26-58Subject Categories
Accelerator Physics and Instrumentation
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
DOI
10.1016/j.nima.2011.11.081