A CHEOPS-enhanced view of the HD 3167 system
Journal article, 2022
Much remains to be understood about the nature of exoplanets smaller than Neptune, most of which have been discovered in compact multi-planet systems. With its inner ultra-short period planet b aligned with the star and two larger outer planets d-c on polar orbits, the multi-planet system HD 3167 features a peculiar architecture and offers the possibility to investigate both dynamical and atmospheric evolution processes. To this purpose we combined multiple datasets of transit photometry and radial velocimetry (RV) to revise the properties of the system and inform models of its planets. This effort was spearheaded by CHEOPS observations of HD 3167b, which appear inconsistent with a purely rocky composition despite its extreme irradiation. Overall the precision on the planetary orbital periods are improved by an order of magnitude, and the uncertainties on the densities of the transiting planets b and c are decreased by a factor of 3. Internal structure and atmospheric simulations draw a contrasting picture between HD 3167d, likely a rocky super-Earth that lost its atmosphere through photo-evaporation, and HD 3167c, a mini-Neptune that kept a substantial primordial gaseous envelope. We detect a fourth, more massive planet on a larger orbit, likely coplanar with HD 3167d-c. Dynamical simulations indeed show that the outer planetary system d-c-e was tilted, as a whole, early in the system history, when HD 3167b was still dominated by the star influence and maintained its aligned orbit. RV data and direct imaging rule out that the companion that could be responsible for the present-day architecture is still bound to the HD 3167 system. Similar global studies of multi-planet systems will tell how many share the peculiar properties of the HD 3167 system, which remains a target of choice for follow-up observations and simulations.
Planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
Planets and satellites: physical evolution
Techniques: radial velocities
Planet-star interactions
Planets and satellites: individual: HD 3167
Techniques: photometric
Author
V. Bourrier
University of Geneva
A. Deline
University of Geneva
A. Krenn
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
J. A. Egger
University of Bern
A. C. Petit
University of Copenhagen
L. Malavolta
University of Padua
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
M. Cretignier
University of Geneva
N. Billot
University of Geneva
C. Broeg
University of Bern
H.-G. Florén
Stockholm University
D. Queloz
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH)
University of Cambridge
Y. Alibert
University of Bern
A. Bonfanti
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
A. S. Bonomo
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
J. B. Delisle
University of Geneva
O. Demangeon
University of Porto
B.O. Demory
University of Bern
X. Dumusque
University of Geneva
D. Ehrenreich
University of Geneva
R. D. Haywood
University of Cambridge
S.B. Howell
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
M. Lendl
University of Geneva
A. Mortier
University of Cambridge
G. Nigro
University of Padua
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
S. Salmon
University of Geneva
S.G. Sousa
University of Porto
T.G. Wilson
University of St Andrews
V. Adibekyan
University of Porto
University of St Andrews
R. Alonso
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
G. Anglada
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
T. Bárczy
Admatis
D. Barrado
Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB)
S.C.C. Barros
University of Porto
W. Baumjohann
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
M. Beck
University of Geneva
W. Benz
University of Bern
F. Biondi
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
X. Bonfils
Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG)
A. Brandeker
Stockholm University
J. Cabrera
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
S. Charnoz
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
Szilard Csizmadia
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
A. Collier Cameron
University of St Andrews
Mario Damasso
University of Exeter
M. B. Davies
Lund University
M. Deleuil
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
L. Delrez
University of Liège
L. Di Fabrizio
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Anders Erikson
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
A. Fortier
University of Bern
L. Fossati
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
Malcolm Fridlund
Leiden University
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
D. Gandolfi
University of Turin
Michaël Gillon
University of Liège
M. Gudel
University of Vienna
Kevin Heng
The University of Warwick
University of Bern
S. Hoyer
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
K. Isaak
European Space Agency (ESA)
L. Kiss
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
J. Laskar
Paris Observatory
A. L. des Etangs
Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris
V. Lorenzi
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
C. Lovis
University of Geneva
D. Magrin
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
A. Massa
University of Turin
P. Maxted
Keele University
Valerio Nascimbeni
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
G. Olofsson
Stockholm University
R. Ottensamer
University of Vienna
I. Pagano
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Enric Palle
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
G. Peter
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Giampaolo P. Piotto
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
University of Padua
Don L. Pollacco
The University of Warwick
Roberto Ragazzoni
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
University of Padua
N. Rando
European Space Agency (ESA)
H. Rauer
Freie Universität Berlin
Technische Universität Berlin
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
I. Ribas
Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
N. C. Santos
University of Porto
Gaetano Scandariato
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
D. Segransan
University of Geneva
A.E. Simon
University of Bern
Alexis M. S. Smith
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Manfred B. Steller
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
G.M. Szabó
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
Nicolas Thomas
University of Bern
S. Udry
University of Geneva
V. Van Grootel
University of Liège
F. Verrecchia
Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
N. A. Walton
University of Cambridge
T. Beck
University of Bern
M. Buder
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
F. Ratti
European Space Agency (ESA)
B. Ulmer
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
V. Viotto
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 668 A31Subject Categories (SSIF 2011)
Computer Engineering
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Embedded Systems
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202243778