Atoms in Lithiated Carbon Fibres
Doctoral thesis, 2023
In this thesis, mass spectrometry and electron spectroscopy techniques are developed and used to elucidate the atomic distribution, configuration, and interaction in commercial carbon fibres used in structural batteries. Here the methodology of analysing Li in carbon fibres with atom probe tomography (APT) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) is demonstrated. Synchrotron-based hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) reveals that certain chemical states of N heteroatoms, pyridinic and pyrrolic, are connected to enhanced electrochemical performance of carbon fibres. AES shows that: Li distributes throughout the entire carbon fibre; the amount of trapped Li is higher and concentrated towards the centre of the fibre at increased discharge rates; Li is initially inserted in amorphous domains and with increased states of lithiation in crystalline domains; and Li plating can occur on individual fibres without spreading to adjacent fibres. APT on lithiated carbon fibres shows that: the distribution of Li is independent of the distribution of N heteroatoms; trapped Li is distributed uniformly in all domains; and Li agglomerates at elevated states of lithiation.
The work presented in this thesis paves the way for analysis of carbon-based battery materials with APT and AES. Furthermore, the work unveils much of the interplay between carbon fibre and Li and deepens the understanding of the design parameters for tailoring multifunctional carbon fibres used in improved structural batteries.
lithium insertion
atom probe tomography
synchrotron hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
energy storage
carbon fibres
Auger electron spectroscopy
microstructure
heteroatoms
multifunctional composites
Author
Marcus Johansen
Chalmers, Industrial and Materials Science, Materials and manufacture
Best Practices for Analysis of Carbon Fibers by Atom Probe Tomography
Microscopy and Microanalysis,;Vol. 28(2022)p. 1092 -1101
Journal article
Mapping nitrogen heteroatoms in carbon fibres using atom probe tomography and photoelectron spectroscopy
Carbon,;Vol. 179(2021)p. 20-27
Journal article
Lithiated carbon fibres for structural batteries characterised with Auger electron spectroscopy
Applied Surface Science,;Vol. 627(2023)
Journal article
Suppressing lithium migration in carbon fiber negative electrode during atom probe tomography analysis
Unravelling lithium in electrochemically active carbon fibres with atom probe tomography
Towards multifunctional batteries – insights into carbon fibres in dynamic electrochemical and mechanical processes
Swedish Energy Agency (2018-004406), 2019-01-01 -- 2023-12-31.
Driving Forces
Sustainable development
Innovation and entrepreneurship
Subject Categories
Materials Engineering
Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics
Materials Chemistry
Other Materials Engineering
Composite Science and Engineering
Areas of Advance
Transport
Energy
Materials Science
Infrastructure
Chalmers Materials Analysis Laboratory
ISBN
978-91-7905-916-3
Doktorsavhandlingar vid Chalmers tekniska högskola. Ny serie: 5382
Publisher
Chalmers
Virtual Development Lab (VDL), Hörsalsvägen 7A
Opponent: Dr Arun Devaraj, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, WA, USA