z-GAL: A NOEMA spectroscopic redshift survey of bright Herschel galaxies: II. Dust properties
Journal article, 2023
We present the dust properties of 125 bright Herschel galaxies selected from the z-GAL NOEMA spectroscopic redshift survey. All the galaxies have precise spectroscopic redshifts in the range 1.3 < z < 5.4. The large instantaneous bandwidth of NOEMA provides an exquisite sampling of the underlying dust continuum emission at 2 and 3 mm in the observed frame, with flux densities in at least four sidebands for each source. Together with the available Herschel 250, 350, and 500 μm and SCUBA-2 850 μm flux densities, the spectral energy distribution (SED) of each source can be analyzed from the far-infrared to the millimeter, with a fine sampling of the Rayleigh-Jeans tail. This wealth of data provides a solid basis to derive robust dust properties, in particular the dust emissivity index (β) and the dust temperature (Tdust). In order to demonstrate our ability to constrain the dust properties, we used a flux-generated mock catalog and analyzed the results under the assumption of an optically thin and optically thick modified black body emission. The robustness of the SED sampling for the z-GAL sources is highlighted by the mock analysis that showed high accuracy in estimating the continuum dust properties. These findings provided the basis for our detailed analysis of the z-GAL continuum data. We report a range of dust emissivities with β ∼1.5 -3 estimated up to high precision with relative uncertainties that vary in the range 7% 15%, and an average of 2.2 ± 0.3. We find dust temperatures varying from 20 to 50 K with an average of Tdust., ∼30 K for the optically thin case and Tdust., ∼38 K in the optically thick case. For all the sources, we estimate the dust masses and apparent infrared luminosities (based on the optically thin approach). An inverse correlation is found between Tdust and β with β Tdust-0.69, which is similar to what is seen in the local Universe. Finally, we report an increasing trend in the dust temperature as a function of redshift at a rate of 6.5 ±0.5 K/z for this 500 μm-selected sample. Based on this study, future prospects are outlined to further explore the evolution of dust temperature across cosmic time.
Infrared: galaxies
Galaxies: evolution
Submillimeter: galaxies
Galaxies: high-redshift
Author
D. Ismail
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
A. Beelen
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
V. Buat
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
S. Berta
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
P. Cox
Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris
F. Stanley
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
A. J. Young
Rutgers University
S. Jin
Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)
R. Neri
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Tom Bakx
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Nagoya University
H. Dannerbauer
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
K. M. Butler
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
A. Cooray
University of California
A. Nanni
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Narodowe Centrum Badan Jadrowych
A.A. Omont
Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris
S. Serjeant
Open University
P. van der Werf
Leiden University
C. Vlahakis
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
A. Weiã
Max Planck Society
Chentao Yang
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
A. J. Baker
University of the Western Cape
Rutgers University
G. J. Bendo
University of Manchester
E. Borsato
University of Padua
N. Chartab
University of California
S. Dye
University of Nottingham
S. Eales
Cardiff University
R. Gavazzi
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
D. Hughes
National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
R. J. Ivison
Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
University of Edinburgh
European Southern Observatory (ESO)
Macquarie University
B. M. Jones
University of Cologne
M. Krips
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
M. Lehnert
CRAL Le Centre de Recherche Astronomique de Lyon
L. Marchetti
University of the Western Cape
Istituto di Radioastronomia
H. Messias
European Southern Observatory Santiago
Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA)
M. Negrello
Cardiff University
I. Perez-Fournon
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
D. A. Riechers
University of Cologne
S. Urquhart
Open University
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 678 A27Exploring the Hidden Dusty Nuclei of Galaxies (HIDDeN)
European Research Council (ERC) (789410), 2018-10-01 -- 2023-09-30.
Subject Categories (SSIF 2011)
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202346804