z-GAL: A NOEMA spectroscopic redshift survey of bright Herschel galaxies: II. Dust properties
Journal article, 2023

We present the dust properties of 125 bright Herschel galaxies selected from the z-GAL NOEMA spectroscopic redshift survey. All the galaxies have precise spectroscopic redshifts in the range 1.3 < z < 5.4. The large instantaneous bandwidth of NOEMA provides an exquisite sampling of the underlying dust continuum emission at 2 and 3 mm in the observed frame, with flux densities in at least four sidebands for each source. Together with the available Herschel 250, 350, and 500 μm and SCUBA-2 850 μm flux densities, the spectral energy distribution (SED) of each source can be analyzed from the far-infrared to the millimeter, with a fine sampling of the Rayleigh-Jeans tail. This wealth of data provides a solid basis to derive robust dust properties, in particular the dust emissivity index (β) and the dust temperature (Tdust). In order to demonstrate our ability to constrain the dust properties, we used a flux-generated mock catalog and analyzed the results under the assumption of an optically thin and optically thick modified black body emission. The robustness of the SED sampling for the z-GAL sources is highlighted by the mock analysis that showed high accuracy in estimating the continuum dust properties. These findings provided the basis for our detailed analysis of the z-GAL continuum data. We report a range of dust emissivities with β ∼1.5 -3 estimated up to high precision with relative uncertainties that vary in the range 7% 15%, and an average of 2.2 ± 0.3. We find dust temperatures varying from 20 to 50 K with an average of Tdust., ∼30 K for the optically thin case and Tdust., ∼38 K in the optically thick case. For all the sources, we estimate the dust masses and apparent infrared luminosities (based on the optically thin approach). An inverse correlation is found between Tdust and β with β Tdust-0.69, which is similar to what is seen in the local Universe. Finally, we report an increasing trend in the dust temperature as a function of redshift at a rate of 6.5 ±0.5 K/z for this 500 μm-selected sample. Based on this study, future prospects are outlined to further explore the evolution of dust temperature across cosmic time.

Galaxies: evolution

Submillimeter: galaxies

Galaxies: high-redshift

Infrared: galaxies

Author

D. Ismail

Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille

A. Beelen

Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille

V. Buat

Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille

S. Berta

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

P. Cox

Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris

F. Stanley

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

A. J. Young

Rutgers University

S. Jin

Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)

R. Neri

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Tom Bakx

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Nagoya University

H. Dannerbauer

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

University of La Laguna

K. M. Butler

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

A. Cooray

University of California at Irvine (UCI)

A. Nanni

Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)

Narodowe Centrum Badan Jadrowych

A.A. Omont

Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris

S. Serjeant

Open University

P. van der Werf

Leiden University

C. Vlahakis

National Radio Astronomy Observatory

A. Weiã

Max Planck Society

C. Yang

A. J. Baker

University of the Western Cape

Rutgers University

G. J. Bendo

University of Manchester

E. Borsato

University of Padua

N. Chartab

University of California at Irvine (UCI)

S. Dye

University of Nottingham

S. Eales

Cardiff University

R. Gavazzi

Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille

D. Hughes

National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics

R. J. Ivison

Macquarie University

European Southern Observatory (ESO)

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

University of Edinburgh

B. M. Jones

University of Cologne

M. Krips

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

M. Lehnert

CRAL Le Centre de Recherche Astronomique de Lyon

L. Marchetti

University of the Western Cape

Istituto di Radioastronomia

H. Messias

Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA)

European Southern Observatory Santiago

M. Negrello

Cardiff University

I. Perez-Fournon

University of La Laguna

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

D. A. Riechers

University of Cologne

S. Urquhart

Open University

Astronomy and Astrophysics

0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)

Vol. 678 A27

Exploring the Hidden Dusty Nuclei of Galaxies (HIDDeN)

European Research Council (ERC) (789410), 2018-10-01 -- 2023-09-30.

Subject Categories

Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

DOI

10.1051/0004-6361/202346804

More information

Latest update

11/10/2023