Two super-Earths at the edge of the habitable zone of the nearby M dwarf TOI-2095
Journal article, 2023
The main scientific goal of TESS is to find planets smaller than Neptune around stars that are bright enough to allow for further characterization studies. Given our current instrumentation and detection biases, M dwarfs are prime targets in the search for small planets that are in (or near) the habitable zone of their host star. In this work, we use photometric observations and CARMENES radial velocity (RV) measurements to validate a pair of transiting planet candidates found by TESS. The data were fitted simultaneously, using a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedure and taking into account the stellar variability present in the photometric and spectroscopic time series. We confirm the planetary origin of the two transiting candidates orbiting around TOI-2095 (LSPM J1902+7525). The star is a nearby M dwarf (d = 41.90 ± 0.03 pc, Teff = 3759 ± 87 K, V = 12.6 mag), with a stellar mass and radius of M∗ = 0.44 ± 0.02 M· and R∗ = 0.44 ± 0.02 R·, respectively. The planetary system is composed of two transiting planets: TOI-2095b, with an orbital period of Pb = 17.66484 ± (7 A - 10- 5) days, and TOI-2095c, with Pc = 28.17232 ± (14 A - 10- 5) days. Both planets have similar sizes with Rb = 1.25 ± 0.07 R· and Rc = 1.33 ± 0.08 R· for planet b and planet c, respectively. Although we did not detect the induced RV variations of any planet with significance, our CARMENES data allow us to set stringent upper limits on the masses of these objects. We find Mb < 4.1 M· for the inner and Mc < 7.4 M· for the outer planet (95% confidence level). These two planets present equilibrium temperatures in the range of 300 350 K and are close to the inner edge of the habitable zone of their star.
Techniques: photometric
Techniques: radial velocities
Planets and satellites: detection
Author
F. Murgas
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
A. Castro-González
Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB)
Enric Palle
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
Francisco J. Pozuelos
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
S. Millholland
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
O. Foo
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Judith Korth
Lund University
E. Marfil
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of Hamburg
University of La Laguna
P. J. Amado
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
J. A. Caballero
Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB)
Jessie L. Christiansen
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
D. R. Ciardi
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Karen A. Collins
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
M. Di Sora
Campo Catino Astronomical Observatory
A. Fukui
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of Tokyo
Tianjun Gan
Tsinghua University
Erica J. Gonzales
University of California
T. Henning
Max Planck Society
Enrique Herrero
Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
G. Isopi
Campo Catino Astronomical Observatory
Jon M. Jenkins
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
J. Lillo-Box
Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB)
N. Lodieu
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
R. Luque
University of Chicago
F. Mallia
Campo Catino Astronomical Observatory
Juan Carlos Morales
Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
Giuseppe Morello
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
Norio Narita
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of Tokyo
National Institutes of Natural Sciences
J. Orell-Miquel
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
H. Parviainen
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
M.A. Pérez-Torres
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
A. Quirrenbach
Heidelberg University
A. Reiners
University of Göttingen
I. Ribas
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
B. S. Safonov
Moscow State University
S. Seager
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
R. Schwarz
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
A. Schweitzer
University of Hamburg
M. Schlecker
University of Arizona
I. A. Strakhov
Moscow State University
S. Vanaverbeke
Vereniging Voor Sterrenkunde (VVS)
IRIS
KU Leuven
Noriharu Watanabe
University of Tokyo
J. N. Winn
Princeton University
M. Zechmeister
University of Göttingen
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 677 A182Subject Categories (SSIF 2011)
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202346692