Producing Bilayer Graphene Oxide via Wedge Ion-Assisted Anodic Exfoliation: Implications for Energy and Electronics
Journal article, 2023

Electrochemical synthesis has emerged as a promising approach for the large-scale production of graphene-based two-dimensional (2D) materials. Electrochemical intercalation of ions and molecules between graphite layers plays a key role in the synthesis of graphene with controllable thickness. However, there is still a limited understanding regarding the impact of intercalant molecules. Herein, we investigated a series of anionic species (i.e., ClO4-, PF6-, BF4-, HSO4-, CH3SO3-, and TsO-) and examined their wedging process between the weakly bonded layered materials driven by electrochemistry. By combining cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy, along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we found that stage-2 graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) can be obtained through intercalation of ClO4-, PF6-, or BF4- anions into the adjacent graphene bilayers. The anodic exfoliation step based on ClO4--GIC in (NH4)(2)SO4 (aq.) resulted in the formation of bilayer-rich (>57%) electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide (EGO), with a high yield (similar to 85 wt %). Further, the physicochemical properties of these EGO can be readily customized through electrochemical reduction and modification with different surfactants. This versatility allows for precise tailoring of EGO, making it feasible for energy and electronic applications such as electrodes in electrochemical capacitors and functional composites in wearable electronics.

bilayer graphene oxide

graphite intercalation compound

cations

energy storage

electrochemicaloxidation

bindingenergy

Author

Daheng Zhang

East China University of Science and Technology

Sankar Sasidharan

Chalmers, Industrial and Materials Science, Materials and manufacture

Jiahao Shi

Chalmers, Industrial and Materials Science, Materials and manufacture

Assa Aravindh Sasikala Devi

University of Oulu

Jianhua Su

East China University of Science and Technology

Jinhai Huang

Shanghai Taoe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd

Zhenyuan Xia

Chalmers, Industrial and Materials Science, Materials and manufacture

ACS Applied Nano Materials

25740970 (eISSN)

Vol. 6 21 19639-19650

Graphene Core Project 3 (Graphene Flagship)

European Commission (EC) (EC/H2020/881603), 2020-04-01 -- 2023-03-31.

Subject Categories

Inorganic Chemistry

Physical Chemistry

Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology

Materials Chemistry

Condensed Matter Physics

DOI

10.1021/acsanm.3c03284

PubMed

37969784

More information

Latest update

1/25/2024