The TESS-Keck Survey. XVII. Precise Mass Measurements in a Young, High-multiplicity Transiting Planet System Using Radial Velocities and Transit Timing Variations
Journal article, 2024
We present a radial velocity (RV) analysis of TOI-1136, a bright Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) system with six confirmed transiting planets, and a seventh single-transiting planet candidate. All planets in the system are amenable to transmission spectroscopy, making TOI-1136 one of the best targets for intra-system comparison of exoplanet atmospheres. TOI-1136 is young (similar to 700 Myr), and the system exhibits transit timing variations (TTVs). The youth of the system contributes to high stellar variability on the order of 50 m s-1, much larger than the likely RV amplitude of any of the transiting exoplanets. Utilizing 359 High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer and Automated Planet Finder RVs collected as part of the TESS-Keck Survey, and 51 High-Accuracy Radial velocity Planetary Searcher North RVs, we experiment with a joint TTV-RV fit. With seven possible transiting planets, TTVs, more than 400 RVs, and a stellar activity model, we posit that we may be presenting the most complex mass recovery of an exoplanet system in the literature to date. By combining TTVs and RVs, we minimized Gaussian process overfitting and retrieved new masses for this system: (m b-g = 3.50-0.7+0.8 , 6.32-1.3+1.1 , 8.35-1.6+1.8 , 6.07-1.01+1.09 , 9.7-3.7+3.9 , 5.6-3.2+4.1 M circle plus). We are unable to significantly detect the mass of the seventh planet candidate in the RVs, but we are able to loosely constrain a possible orbital period near 80 days. Future TESS observations might confirm the existence of a seventh planet in the system, better constrain the masses and orbital properties of the known exoplanets, and generally shine light on this scientifically interesting system.
Author
Corey Beard
University of California
Paul Robertson
University of California
Fei Dai
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Rae Holcomb
University of California
Jack Lubin
University of California
Joseph M. Akana Murphy
University of California
Natalie M. Batalha
University of California
Sarah Blunt
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Ian Crossfield
Univ Kansas
Courtney Dressing
University of California
Benjamin Fulton
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Andrew W. Howard
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Dan Huber
University of Hawaii
Howard Isaacson
University of Southern Queensland
University of California
Stephen R. Kane
University of California
Grzegorz Nowak
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
Nicolaus Copernicus University (SGMK)
Erik A. Petigura
University of California
Arpita Roy
Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)
Johns Hopkins University
Ryan A. Rubenzahl
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Lauren M. Weiss
University of Notre Dame
Rafael Barrena
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Aida Behmard
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Casey L. Brinkman
University of Hawaii
Ilaria Carleo
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Ashley Chontos
University of Hawaii
Princeton University
Paul A. Dalba
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
University of California
Tara Fetherolf
University of California
Steven Giacalone
University of California
Michelle L. Hill
University of California
Kiyoe Kawauchi
Ritsumeikan University
Judith Korth
Lund University
Rafael Luque
University of Chicago
Mason G. Macdougall
University of California
Andrew W. Mayo
University of California
Teo Mocnik
Gemini Observ, NSFs NOIRLab
Giuseppe Morello
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
Felipe Murgas
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Jaume Orell-Miquel
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Enric Palle
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Alex S. Polanski
University of Kansas
Malena Rice
Yale University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Nicholas Scarsdale
University of California
Dakotah Tyler
University of California
Judah Van Zandt
University of California
Astronomical Journal
0004-6256 (ISSN) 1538-3881 (eISSN)
Vol. 167 2 70Subject Categories (SSIF 2011)
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
DOI
10.3847/1538-3881/ad1330