The TESS-Keck Survey. XVII. Precise Mass Measurements in a Young, High-multiplicity Transiting Planet System Using Radial Velocities and Transit Timing Variations
Journal article, 2024

We present a radial velocity (RV) analysis of TOI-1136, a bright Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) system with six confirmed transiting planets, and a seventh single-transiting planet candidate. All planets in the system are amenable to transmission spectroscopy, making TOI-1136 one of the best targets for intra-system comparison of exoplanet atmospheres. TOI-1136 is young (similar to 700 Myr), and the system exhibits transit timing variations (TTVs). The youth of the system contributes to high stellar variability on the order of 50 m s-1, much larger than the likely RV amplitude of any of the transiting exoplanets. Utilizing 359 High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer and Automated Planet Finder RVs collected as part of the TESS-Keck Survey, and 51 High-Accuracy Radial velocity Planetary Searcher North RVs, we experiment with a joint TTV-RV fit. With seven possible transiting planets, TTVs, more than 400 RVs, and a stellar activity model, we posit that we may be presenting the most complex mass recovery of an exoplanet system in the literature to date. By combining TTVs and RVs, we minimized Gaussian process overfitting and retrieved new masses for this system: (m b-g = 3.50-0.7+0.8 , 6.32-1.3+1.1 , 8.35-1.6+1.8 , 6.07-1.01+1.09 , 9.7-3.7+3.9 , 5.6-3.2+4.1 M circle plus). We are unable to significantly detect the mass of the seventh planet candidate in the RVs, but we are able to loosely constrain a possible orbital period near 80 days. Future TESS observations might confirm the existence of a seventh planet in the system, better constrain the masses and orbital properties of the known exoplanets, and generally shine light on this scientifically interesting system.

Author

Corey Beard

University of California at Irvine (UCI)

Paul Robertson

University of California at Irvine (UCI)

Fei Dai

California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Rae Holcomb

University of California at Irvine (UCI)

Jack Lubin

University of California at Irvine (UCI)

Joseph M. Akana Murphy

University of California at Santa Cruz

Natalie M. Batalha

University of California at Santa Cruz

Sarah Blunt

California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Ian Crossfield

Univ Kansas

Courtney Dressing

University of California at Berkeley

Benjamin Fulton

California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Andrew W. Howard

California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Dan Huber

University of Hawaii

Howard Isaacson

University of California at Berkeley

University of Southern Queensland

Stephen R. Kane

Univ Calif Riverside

Grzegorz Nowak

Nicolaus Copernicus University

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

University of La Laguna

Erik A. Petigura

Univ Calif Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron

Arpita Roy

Johns Hopkins University

Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)

Ryan A. Rubenzahl

California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Lauren M. Weiss

University of Notre Dame

Rafael Barrena

University of La Laguna

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Aida Behmard

California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Casey L. Brinkman

University of Hawaii

Ilaria Carleo

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

University of La Laguna

Ashley Chontos

Princeton University

University of Hawaii

Paul A. Dalba

University of California at Santa Cruz

NASA Ames Research Center

Tara Fetherolf

Univ Calif Riverside

Steven Giacalone

University of California at Berkeley

Michelle L. Hill

Univ Calif Riverside

Kiyoe Kawauchi

Ritsumeikan University

Judith Korth

Lund University

Rafael Luque

Univ Chicago, Pediat

Mason G. Macdougall

Univ Calif Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron

Andrew W. Mayo

University of California at Berkeley

Teo Mocnik

Gemini Observ, NSFs NOIRLab

Giuseppe Morello

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics

Felipe Murgas

University of La Laguna

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Jaume Orell-Miquel

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Enric Palle

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

University of La Laguna

Alex S. Polanski

University of Kansas

Malena Rice

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Yale University

Nicholas Scarsdale

University of California at Santa Cruz

Dakotah Tyler

Univ Calif Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron

Judah Van Zandt

Univ Calif Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron

Astronomical Journal

0004-6256 (ISSN) 1538-3881 (eISSN)

Vol. 167 2 70

Subject Categories

Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

DOI

10.3847/1538-3881/ad1330

More information

Latest update

8/19/2024