Perylene Diimide-Based Low-Cost and Thickness-Tolerant Electron Transport Layer Enables Polymer Solar Cells Approaching 19% Efficiency

Journal article, 2024

The materials for electron transport layers (ETLs) play a significant role in the performance of polymer solar cells (PSCs) but face challenges, such as low electron transport mobility and conductivity, low solution processibility, and extreme thickness sensitivity, which will undermine the photovoltaic performance and hinder compatibility of large-scale fabrication technique. To address these challenges, a new n-type perylene diimide-based molecule (PDINB) with two special amine-anchored long-side chains is designed and synthesized feasibly. PDINB shows very high solubility in common organic solvents, such as dichloromethane (>75 mg ml−1) and methanol with acetic acid as an additive (>37 mg ml−1), which leads to excellent film formability when deposited on active layers. With PDINB as ETLs, the photovoltaic performance of the PSCs is boosted comprehensively, leading to power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 18.81%. Thanks to the strong self-doping effect and high conductivity of PDINB, it displays an appreciable thickness-tolerant property as ETLs, where the devices remain consistently high PCE values with the thickness varying from 5 to 30 nm. Interestingly, PDINB can be used as a generic ETL in different types of PSCs including non-fullerene PSCs and all-polymer PSCs. Therefore, PDINB can be a potentially competitive candidate as an efficient ETL for PSCs.