A dusty protocluster surrounding the binary galaxy HerBS-70 at z = 2.3
Journal article, 2024

We report on deep SCUBA-2 observations at 850 μm and NOrthern Extended Millimetre Array (NOEMA) spectroscopic measurements at 2 mm of the environment surrounding the luminous, massive (M∗ ≈ 2 × 1011 M☉) Herschel-selected source HerBS-70. This source was revealed by previous NOEMA observations to be a binary system of dusty star-forming galaxies at z = 2.3, with the east component (HerBS-70E) hosting an active galactic nucleus. The SCUBA-2 observations detected, in addition to the binary system, 21 sources at >3.5σ over an area of ∼25 square comoving Mpc with a sensitivity of 1σ850 = 0.75 mJy. The surface density of continuum sources around HerBS-70 is three times higher than for field galaxies. The NOEMA spectroscopic measurements confirm the protocluster membership of three of the nine brightest sources through their CO(4–3) line emission, yielding a volume density 36 times higher than for field galaxies. All five confirmed sub-mm galaxies in the HerBS-70 system have relatively short gas depletion times (80−500 Myr), indicating the onset of quenching for this protocluster core due to the depletion of gas. The dark matter halo mass of the HerBS-70 system is estimated around 5 × 1013 M☉, with a projected current-day mass of 1015 M☉, similar to the local Virgo and Coma clusters. These observations support the claim that DSFGs, in particular the ones with observed multiplicity, can trace cosmic overdensities.

submillimetre: galaxies

galaxies: evolution

galaxies: high-redshift

galaxies: clusters: general

Author

Tom Bakx

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics

Nagoya University

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

S. Berta

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

H. Dannerbauer

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

University of La Laguna

P. Cox

Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris

K. M. Butler

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Masato Hagimoto

Nagoya University

D. Hughes

National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics

D. A. Riechers

University of Cologne

P. van der Werf

Leiden University

Chentao Yang

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics

A. J. Baker

University of the Western Cape

Rutgers University

A. Beelen

Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)

G. J. Bendo

University of Manchester

E. Borsato

University of Padua

V. Buat

Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)

A. Cooray

University of California at Irvine (UCI)

L. Dunne

Cardiff University

S. Dye

University of Nottingham

S. Eales

Cardiff University

R. Gavazzi

University of Cambridge

Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris

A. I. Harris

University of Maryland

D. Ismail

Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)

R. J. Ivison

European Southern Observatory (ESO)

B. M. Jones

University of Manchester

M. Krips

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

M. Lehnert

École Normale Supérieure de Lyon

L. Marchetti

Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)

University of Cape Town

H. Messias

European Southern Observatory Santiago

Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA)

M. Negrello

Cardiff University

R. Neri

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

A.A. Omont

Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris

I. Perez-Fournon

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)

A. Nanni

Narodowe Centrum Badan Jadrowych

Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)

N. Chartab

University of California

Carnegie Observatories

Leiden University

S. Serjeant

Open University

F. Stanley

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Y. Tamura

Nagoya University

S. Urquhart

Open University

C. Vlahakis

National Radio Astronomy Observatory

A. Weiß

Max Planck Society

A. J. Young

Rutgers University

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

00358711 (ISSN) 13652966 (eISSN)

Vol. 530 4 4578-4596

The Origin and Fate of Dust in Our Universe

Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2020.0081), 2021-07-01 -- 2026-06-30.

Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2019.0443), 2020-06-01 -- 2023-05-31.

Subject Categories

Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics

DOI

10.1093/mnras/stae1155

More information

Latest update

5/30/2024