Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition
Journal article, 2024
Current cardiometabolic disease prevention guidelines recommend increasing dietary unsaturated fat intake while reducing saturated fats. Here we use lipidomics data from a randomized controlled dietary intervention trial to construct a multilipid score (MLS), summarizing the effects of replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat on 45 lipid metabolite concentrations. In the EPIC-Potsdam cohort, a difference in the MLS, reflecting better dietary fat quality, was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (−32%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): −21% to −42%) and type 2 diabetes (−26%; 95% CI: −15% to −35%). We built a closely correlated simplified score, reduced MLS (rMLS), and observed that beneficial rMLS changes, suggesting improved dietary fat quality over 10 years, were associated with lower diabetes risk (odds ratio per standard deviation of 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.98) in the Nurses’ Health Study. Furthermore, in the PREDIMED trial, an olive oil-rich Mediterranean diet intervention primarily reduced diabetes incidence among participants with unfavorable preintervention rMLS levels, suggestive of disturbed lipid metabolism before intervention. Our findings indicate that the effects of dietary fat quality on the lipidome can contribute to a more precise understanding and possible prediction of the health outcomes of specific dietary fat modifications.
Author
Fabian Eichelmann
German Institute of Human Nutrition
Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung
Marcela Prada
Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung
German Institute of Human Nutrition
Laury Sellem
University of Reading
Kim G. Jackson
University of Reading
Jordi Salas-Salvadó
Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición
Cristina Razquin Burillo
University of Navarra
Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili
Ramon Estruch
University of Barcelona
Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili
Michael Friedén
Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap
Fredrik Rosqvist
Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap
Ulf Risérus
Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap
Kathryn Rexrode
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Marta Guasch-Ferré
Novo Nordisk Foundation
Harvard School of Public Health
Qi Sun
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Harvard School of Public Health
Walter C. Willett
Harvard School of Public Health
Miguel A. Martínez-González
Harvard School of Public Health
University of Navarra
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición
Julie A. Lovegrove
University of Reading
Frank B. Hu
Harvard School of Public Health
Matthias B. Schulze
Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung
University of Potsdam
German Institute of Human Nutrition
Clemens Wittenbecher
German Institute of Human Nutrition
Chalmers, Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science
Nature Medicine
1078-8956 (ISSN) 1546170x (eISSN)
Vol. 30 10 2867-2877Subject Categories
Endocrinology and Diabetes
Nutrition and Dietetics
DOI
10.1038/s41591-024-03124-1
PubMed
38992128