Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Journal article, 2024
Background: Accurate assessments of current and future fertility—including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions—are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to inform policies involving resource and health-care needs, labour supply, education, gender equality, and family planning and support. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 produced up-to-date and comprehensive demographic assessments of key fertility indicators at global, regional, and national levels from 1950 to 2021 and forecast fertility metrics to 2100 based on a reference scenario and key policy-dependent alternative scenarios.
Methods: To estimate fertility indicators from 1950 to 2021, mixed-effects regression models and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression were used to synthesise data from 8709 country-years of vital and sample registrations, 1455 surveys and censuses, and 150 other sources, and to generate age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) for 5-year age groups from age 10 years to 54 years. ASFRs were summed across age groups to produce estimates of total fertility rate (TFR). Livebirths were calculated by multiplying ASFR and age-specific female population, then summing across ages 10–54 years. To forecast future fertility up to 2100, our Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) forecasting model was based on projections of completed cohort fertility at age 50 years (CCF50; the average number of children born over time to females from a specified birth cohort), which yields more stable and accurate measures of fertility than directly modelling TFR. CCF50 was modelled using an ensemble approach in which three sub-models (with two, three, and four covariates variously consisting of female educational attainment, contraceptive met need, population density in habitable areas, and under-5 mortality) were given equal weights, and analyses were conducted utilising the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. To capture time-series trends in CCF50 not explained by these covariates, we used a first-order autoregressive model on the residual term. CCF50 as a proportion of each 5-year ASFR was predicted using a linear mixed-effects model with fixed-effects covariates (female educational attainment and contraceptive met need) and random intercepts for geographical regions. Projected TFRs were then computed for each calendar year as the sum of single-year ASFRs across age groups. The reference forecast is our estimate of the most likely fertility future given the model, past fertility, forecasts of covariates, and historical relationships between covariates and fertility. We additionally produced forecasts for multiple alternative scenarios in each location: the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for education is achieved by 2030; the contraceptive met need SDG is achieved by 2030; pro-natal policies are enacted to create supportive environments for those who give birth; and the previous three scenarios combined. Uncertainty from past data inputs and model estimation was propagated throughout analyses by taking 1000 draws for past and present fertility estimates and 500 draws for future forecasts from the estimated distribution for each metric, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) given as the 2·5 and 97·5 percentiles of the draws. To evaluate the forecasting performance of our model and others, we computed skill values—a metric assessing gain in forecasting accuracy—by comparing predicted versus observed ASFRs from the past 15 years (2007–21). A positive skill metric indicates that the model being evaluated performs better than the baseline model (here, a simplified model holding 2007 values constant in the future), and a negative metric indicates that the evaluated model performs worse than baseline.
Findings: During the period from 1950 to 2021, global TFR more than halved, from 4·84 (95% UI 4·63–5·06) to 2·23 (2·09–2·38). Global annual livebirths peaked in 2016 at 142 million (95% UI 137–147), declining to 129 million (121–138) in 2021. Fertility rates declined in all countries and territories since 1950, with TFR remaining above 2·1—canonically considered replacement-level fertility—in 94 (46·1%) countries and territories in 2021. This included 44 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, which was the super-region with the largest share of livebirths in 2021 (29·2% [28·7–29·6]). 47 countries and territories in which lowest estimated fertility between 1950 and 2021 was below replacement experienced one or more subsequent years with higher fertility; only three of these locations rebounded above replacement levels. Future fertility rates were projected to continue to decline worldwide, reaching a global TFR of 1·83 (1·59–2·08) in 2050 and 1·59 (1·25–1·96) in 2100 under the reference scenario. The number of countries and territories with fertility rates remaining above replacement was forecast to be 49 (24·0%) in 2050 and only six (2·9%) in 2100, with three of these six countries included in the 2021 World Bank-defined low-income group, all located in the GBD super-region of sub-Saharan Africa. The proportion of livebirths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa was forecast to increase to more than half of the world's livebirths in 2100, to 41·3% (39·6–43·1) in 2050 and 54·3% (47·1–59·5) in 2100. The share of livebirths was projected to decline between 2021 and 2100 in most of the six other super-regions—decreasing, for example, in south Asia from 24·8% (23·7–25·8) in 2021 to 16·7% (14·3–19·1) in 2050 and 7·1% (4·4–10·1) in 2100—but was forecast to increase modestly in the north Africa and Middle East and high-income super-regions. Forecast estimates for the alternative combined scenario suggest that meeting SDG targets for education and contraceptive met need, as well as implementing pro-natal policies, would result in global TFRs of 1·65 (1·40–1·92) in 2050 and 1·62 (1·35–1·95) in 2100. The forecasting skill metric values for the IHME model were positive across all age groups, indicating that the model is better than the constant prediction.
Interpretation: Fertility is declining globally, with rates in more than half of all countries and territories in 2021 below replacement level. Trends since 2000 show considerable heterogeneity in the steepness of declines, and only a small number of countries experienced even a slight fertility rebound after their lowest observed rate, with none reaching replacement level. Additionally, the distribution of livebirths across the globe is shifting, with a greater proportion occurring in the lowest-income countries. Future fertility rates will continue to decline worldwide and will remain low even under successful implementation of pro-natal policies. These changes will have far-reaching economic and societal consequences due to ageing populations and declining workforces in higher-income countries, combined with an increasing share of livebirths among the already poorest regions of the world.
Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Methods: To estimate fertility indicators from 1950 to 2021, mixed-effects regression models and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression were used to synthesise data from 8709 country-years of vital and sample registrations, 1455 surveys and censuses, and 150 other sources, and to generate age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) for 5-year age groups from age 10 years to 54 years. ASFRs were summed across age groups to produce estimates of total fertility rate (TFR). Livebirths were calculated by multiplying ASFR and age-specific female population, then summing across ages 10–54 years. To forecast future fertility up to 2100, our Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) forecasting model was based on projections of completed cohort fertility at age 50 years (CCF50; the average number of children born over time to females from a specified birth cohort), which yields more stable and accurate measures of fertility than directly modelling TFR. CCF50 was modelled using an ensemble approach in which three sub-models (with two, three, and four covariates variously consisting of female educational attainment, contraceptive met need, population density in habitable areas, and under-5 mortality) were given equal weights, and analyses were conducted utilising the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. To capture time-series trends in CCF50 not explained by these covariates, we used a first-order autoregressive model on the residual term. CCF50 as a proportion of each 5-year ASFR was predicted using a linear mixed-effects model with fixed-effects covariates (female educational attainment and contraceptive met need) and random intercepts for geographical regions. Projected TFRs were then computed for each calendar year as the sum of single-year ASFRs across age groups. The reference forecast is our estimate of the most likely fertility future given the model, past fertility, forecasts of covariates, and historical relationships between covariates and fertility. We additionally produced forecasts for multiple alternative scenarios in each location: the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for education is achieved by 2030; the contraceptive met need SDG is achieved by 2030; pro-natal policies are enacted to create supportive environments for those who give birth; and the previous three scenarios combined. Uncertainty from past data inputs and model estimation was propagated throughout analyses by taking 1000 draws for past and present fertility estimates and 500 draws for future forecasts from the estimated distribution for each metric, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) given as the 2·5 and 97·5 percentiles of the draws. To evaluate the forecasting performance of our model and others, we computed skill values—a metric assessing gain in forecasting accuracy—by comparing predicted versus observed ASFRs from the past 15 years (2007–21). A positive skill metric indicates that the model being evaluated performs better than the baseline model (here, a simplified model holding 2007 values constant in the future), and a negative metric indicates that the evaluated model performs worse than baseline.
Findings: During the period from 1950 to 2021, global TFR more than halved, from 4·84 (95% UI 4·63–5·06) to 2·23 (2·09–2·38). Global annual livebirths peaked in 2016 at 142 million (95% UI 137–147), declining to 129 million (121–138) in 2021. Fertility rates declined in all countries and territories since 1950, with TFR remaining above 2·1—canonically considered replacement-level fertility—in 94 (46·1%) countries and territories in 2021. This included 44 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, which was the super-region with the largest share of livebirths in 2021 (29·2% [28·7–29·6]). 47 countries and territories in which lowest estimated fertility between 1950 and 2021 was below replacement experienced one or more subsequent years with higher fertility; only three of these locations rebounded above replacement levels. Future fertility rates were projected to continue to decline worldwide, reaching a global TFR of 1·83 (1·59–2·08) in 2050 and 1·59 (1·25–1·96) in 2100 under the reference scenario. The number of countries and territories with fertility rates remaining above replacement was forecast to be 49 (24·0%) in 2050 and only six (2·9%) in 2100, with three of these six countries included in the 2021 World Bank-defined low-income group, all located in the GBD super-region of sub-Saharan Africa. The proportion of livebirths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa was forecast to increase to more than half of the world's livebirths in 2100, to 41·3% (39·6–43·1) in 2050 and 54·3% (47·1–59·5) in 2100. The share of livebirths was projected to decline between 2021 and 2100 in most of the six other super-regions—decreasing, for example, in south Asia from 24·8% (23·7–25·8) in 2021 to 16·7% (14·3–19·1) in 2050 and 7·1% (4·4–10·1) in 2100—but was forecast to increase modestly in the north Africa and Middle East and high-income super-regions. Forecast estimates for the alternative combined scenario suggest that meeting SDG targets for education and contraceptive met need, as well as implementing pro-natal policies, would result in global TFRs of 1·65 (1·40–1·92) in 2050 and 1·62 (1·35–1·95) in 2100. The forecasting skill metric values for the IHME model were positive across all age groups, indicating that the model is better than the constant prediction.
Interpretation: Fertility is declining globally, with rates in more than half of all countries and territories in 2021 below replacement level. Trends since 2000 show considerable heterogeneity in the steepness of declines, and only a small number of countries experienced even a slight fertility rebound after their lowest observed rate, with none reaching replacement level. Additionally, the distribution of livebirths across the globe is shifting, with a greater proportion occurring in the lowest-income countries. Future fertility rates will continue to decline worldwide and will remain low even under successful implementation of pro-natal policies. These changes will have far-reaching economic and societal consequences due to ageing populations and declining workforces in higher-income countries, combined with an increasing share of livebirths among the already poorest regions of the world.
Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Author
Natalia V. Bhattacharjee
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Austin E. Schumacher
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Amirali Aali
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate
Aleta Wondo Hospital
Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh
University of California
Mohammadreza Abbasian
Harvard Medical School
Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Hedayat Abbastabar
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Samar Abd ElHafeez
Alexandria University
Sherief Abd-Elsalam
Tanta University
Mohammad Abdollahi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
University of Saskatchewan
Meriem Abdoun
University Ferhat Abbas of Setif
Auwal Abdullahi
Bayero University
Mesfin Abebe
Dilla University
Samrawit Shawel Abebe
Haramaya University
Olumide Abiodun
Babcock University
Hassan Abolhassani
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Meysam Abolmaali
Mohamed Abouzid
Poznan University of Medical Sciences
Girma Beressa Aboye
Madda Walabu University
Lucas Guimarães Abreu
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Woldu Aberhe Abrha
Aksum University
Michael R. M. Abrigo
Philippine Institute for Development Studies
Dariush Abtahi
Hasan Abualruz
Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan
Bilyaminu Abubakar
Usmanu Danfodiyo University
Eman Abu-Gharbieh
Clinical Sciences Department
Niveen M.E. Abu-Rmeileh
Birzeit University
Tadele Girum Adal
Wolkite University
Mesafint Molla Adane
Bahar Dar University
Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo Adeagbo
University of South Carolina
Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin
Obafemi Awolowo University
Victor Adekanmbi
University of Texas Medical Branch
Bashir Aden
Khalifa University
Abiola Victor Adepoju
Jhpiego
Olatunji Adetokunboh
Stellenbosch University
Juliana Bunmi Adetunji
Osun State University
Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka
University of Saskatchewan
Olorunsola Israel Adeyomoye
University of Medical Sciences
Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani
Padjadjaran University
Saryia Adra
Clinical Sciences Department
Rotimi Felix Afolabi
University of Ibadan
Shadi Afyouni
Muhammad Sohail Afzal
University of Management and Technology
Saira Afzal
King Edward Memorial Hospital
Shahin Aghamiri
Antonella Agodi
'GF Ingrassia' University of Catania
Williams Agyemang-Duah
Queen's University
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
University of Technology Sydney
Austin J. Ahlstrom
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Aqeel Ahmad
Shaqra University
Danish Ahmad
Australian National University
Firdos Ahmad
College of Medicine
Muayyad M. Ahmad
University of Jordan
Sajjad Ahmad
Abasyn University
Tauseef Ahmad
Labanese American University
Ali Ahmed
Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Ayman Ahmed
University of California
Haroon Ahmed
COMSATS University Islamabad
Luai A. Ahmed
United Arab Emirates University
Meqdad Saleh Ahmed
University of Duhok
Syed Anees Ahmed
East Carolina University
Marjan Ajami
National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute
Budi Aji
Jenderal Soedirman University
Gizachew Taddesse Akalu
Immunology and Parasitology
Hossein Akbarialiabad
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Rufus Olusola Akinyemi
University of Ibadan
Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif
Fudan University
Sreelatha Akkala
Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences
Hanadi Al Hamad
Hamad Medical Corporation
Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan
Washington University in St. Louis
Mohammad Al Qadire
Al Al-Bayt University
Tareq Mohammed Ali Al-Ahdal
Heidelberg University
Samer O. Alalalmeh
Ajman University
Tariq A. Alalwan
University of Bahrain
Ziyad Al-Aly
Washington University in St. Louis
Khurshid Alam
Murdoch University
Rasmieh Mustafa Al-Amer
Yarmouk University
Fahad Mashhour Alanezi
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU)
Turki M. Alanzi
Health Information Management and Technology Department
Almaza Albakri
Royal Jordanian Medical Services
Mohammed Albashtawy
Al Al-Bayt University
Mohammad T. AlBataineh
Hediyeh Alemi
Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center
Sharifullah Alemi
Tokyo Medical and Dental University
Yihun Mulugeta Alemu
Bahar Dar University
Ayman Al-Eyadhy
King Saud University
Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi
University of Newcastle
Khalid F. Alhabib
King Saud University
Noora Alhajri
Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa
Qatar University
Robert Kaba Alhassan
University of Health and Allied Sciences
Abid Ali
Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali
Erbil Polytechnic University
Liaqat Ali
National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS)
Mohammed Usman Ali
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Rafat Ali
Jamia Millia Islamia
Syed Shujait Shujait Ali
University of Swat
Sheikh Mohammad Alif
Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences
Mohammad Aligol
School of Paramedical
Mehran Alijanzadeh
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad A. M. Aljasir
Qassim University
Syed Mohamed Aljunid
University of Kuwait
Sabah Al-Marwani
Joseph Uy Almazan
Nazarbayev University
Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi
University of Malaya
Omar Almidani
Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi
Mahmoud A. Alomari
Qatar University
Basem Al-Omari
Khalifa University
Jaber S. Alqahtani
Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences
Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi
Taibah University
Rajaa Al-Raddadi
King Abdulaziz University
Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah
University of Kuwait
Awais Altaf
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare
Khalid A. Altirkawi
University of Sharjah
Deborah Oyine Aluh
Nova University of Lisbon
Farrukh Jawad Alvi
University Institute of Public Health
Nelson Alvis-Guzman
Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast)
Hassan Alwafi
Umm Al-Qura University
Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi
Azal University for Human Development
Hany Aly
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Safwat Aly
Harvard Medical School
Karem H. Alzoubi
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
Lingnan University, Hong Kong
Tarek Tawfik Amin
Cairo University
Alireza Amindarolzarbi
Mostafa Amini-Rarani
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Sohrab Amiri
Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
Irene Gyamfuah Ampomah
Medical and Veterinary Sciences
Dickson A. Amugsi
African Population Health Research Centre
Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa
University of Jos
Robert Ancuceanu
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Deanna Anderlini
University of Queensland
Pedro Prata Andrade
Technische Universität Berlin
Catalina Liliana Andrei
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Tudorel Andrei
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Abhishek Anil
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Sneha Anil
Ernakulam Medical Centre
Adnan Ansar
La Trobe University
Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Catherine M. Antony
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Ernoiz Antriyandarti
Sebelas Maret University
Saeid Anvari
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Saleha Anwar
Jamia Millia Islamia
Razique Anwer
Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor
Charles Sturt University
Jalal Arabloo
Health Management and Economics Research Center
Razman Arabzadeh Bahri
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Elshaimaa A. Arafa
Ajman University
Mosab Arafat
Al Ain University
Ana Margarida Araújo
University of Porto
Aleksandr Y. Aravkin
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Abdulfatai Aremu
University of Ilorin
Timur Aripov
Children's Hospital Boston
Mesay Arkew
Haramaya University
Benedetta Armocida
Istituto Superiore Di Sanita
Johan Ärnlöv
Karolinska Institutet
Mahwish Arooj
University College of Medicine & Dentistry
Anton A. Artamonov
Russian Academy of Sciences
Judie Arulappan
Sultan Qaboos University
Raphael Taiwo Aruleba
East Carolina University
Ashokan Arumugam
Mohsen Asadi-Lari
Zatollah Asemi
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Saeed Asgary
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Mona Asghariahmadabad
University of California San Francisco
Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences
Mubarek Yesse Ashemo
Jimma University
Muhammad Ashraf
University of Lahore
Tahira Ashraf
University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology
Marvellous O. Asika
Nsukka
Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
Zanjan University of Medical Sciences
Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout
Philadelphia University
Alok Atreya
Lumbini Medical College
Avinash Aujayeb
Northumbria HealthCare National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust
Marcel Ausloos
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Abolfazl Avan
Western University
Amlaku Mulat Aweke
Bahar Dar University
Getnet Melaku Ayele
Dilla University
Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Sina Azadnajafabad
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Rui M. S. Azevedo
Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS/CESPU)
Ahmed Y. Azzam
Muhammad Badar
Gomal University
Ashish D. Badiye
Government Institute of Forensic Science
Soroush Baghdadi
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Nasser Bagheri
Australian National University
Sara Bagherieh
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Najmeh Bahmanziari
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Ruhai Bai
Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Atif Amin Baig
Management and Science University
Jennifer L. Baker
Bispebjerg Hospital
Abdulaziz T. Bako
Houston Methodist Hospital
Ravleen Kaur Bakshi
Maternal and Child Health Unit
Madhan Balasubramanian
Flinders University
Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu
Technology
Kiran Bam
Monash University
Maciej Banach
Medical University of Lodz
Soham Bandyopadhyay
University of Oxford
Biswajit Banik
Federation University Australia
Palash Chandra Banik
Bangladesh University of Health Sciences
Hansi Bansal
Government Institute of Forensic Science
Mehmet Firat Baran
Batman University
Martina Barchitta
'GF Ingrassia' University of Catania
Mainak Bardhan
Baptist Health South Florida
Erfan Bardideh
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo
University of Auckland
Till Winfried Barnighausen
Harvard School of Public Health
Francesco Barone-Adesi
University of Eastern Piedmont
Hiba Jawdat Barqawi
Clinical Sciences Department
Amadou Barrow
University of Florida
Sandra Barteit
University Hospital Heidelberg
Zarrin Basharat
Alpha Genomics
Asma'u I.J. Bashir
Kaduna State University
Hameed Akande Bashiru
Obafemi Awolowo University
Afisu Basiru
University of Ilorin
João Diogo Basso
University of Coimbra
Sanjay Basu
Harvard Medical School
Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha
Philadelphia University
Kavita Batra
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Bernhard T. Baune
University of Münster
Mohsen Bayati
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Tahmina Begum
University of Queensland
Emad Behboudi
Khoy University of Medical Sciences
Amir Hossein Behnoush
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Maryam Beiranvand
University of Florida
Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez
El Bosque University
Alehegn Bekele
Arba Minch University
Sefealem Assefa Belay
Bahar Dar University
Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi
Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University
Michelle L. Bell
Yale University
Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello
University of Medical Sciences
Apostolos Beloukas
University of Liverpool
Isabela M. Bensenor
University of Sao Paulo (USP)
Zombor Berezvai
Corvinus University of Budapest
Alemshet Yirga Berhie
Bahar Dar University
Amiel Nazer C. Bermudez
University of the Philippines Manila
Paulo J.G. Bettencourt
Catholic University of Portugal
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
North Dakota State University
Nikha Bhardwaj
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Pankaj Bhardwaj
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Prarthna V. Bhardwaj
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Sonu Bhaskar
NSW Brain Clot Bank
Vivek Bhat
St John's National Academy of Health Sciences
Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
Chandigarh University
Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
Central University of Punjab
Manpreet S. Bhatti
Guru Nanak Dev University India
Rajbir Bhatti
Guru Nanak Dev University India
Antonio Biondi
University of Catania
Catherine Bisignano
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Atanu Biswas
The University of Sydney
Raaj Kishore Biswas
Sydney Local Health District
Veera R. Bitra
University of Botswana
Tone Bjorge
University of Bergen
Elye Bliss
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Micheal Kofi Boachie
University of Health and Allied Sciences
Anca Vasilica Bobirca
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Virginia Bodolica
American University of Sharjah
Aadam Olalekan Bodunrin
Eyob Ketema Bogale
Bahar Dar University
Kassawmar Angaw Bogale
Bahar Dar University
Milad Bonakdar Hashemi
Urology Department
Berrak Bora Basara
Ministry of Health
Souad Bouaoud
University Ferhat Abbas of Setif
Dejana Braithwaite
University of Florida
Michael Brauer
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Nicholas J.K. Breitborde
Ohio State University
Dana Bryazka
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Norma B. Bulamu
Flinders University
Danilo Buonsenso
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
Katrin Burkart
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Richard A. Burns
Australian National University
Yasser Bustanji
Nadeem Shafique Butt
King Abdulaziz University
Zahid A. Butt
University of Waterloo
Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos
Harvard University
Daniela Calina
University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova
Ismael Ricardo Campos-Nonato
National Institute of Public Health
Fan Cao
Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology
Shujin Cao
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Angelo Capodici
University of Bologna
Giulia Carreras
Prevention and Clinical Network
Andrea Carugno
Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII (Territorial Healthcare Company Pope John XXIII)
Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela
Instituto Nacional de Salud
Giulio Castelpietra
University of Udine
Maria Sofia Cattaruzza
Sapienza University of Rome
Arthur Caye
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
Luca Cegolon
University of Trieste
Francieli Cembranel
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Ester Cerin
Australian Catholic University
Joshua Chadwick
Indian Council of Medical Research
Yaacoub Chahine
University of Washington
Chiranjib Chakraborty
Adamas University
Julian Chalek
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan
Cardiovascular Analytics Group
Periklis Charalampous
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Vijay Kumar Chattu
Faculty of Medicine
Sarika Chaturvedi
Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre
Malizgani Paul Chavula
Umeå University
An-Tian Chen
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Haowei Chen
Southern Medical University
Simiao Chen
Heidelberg University
Gerald Chi
Harvard University
Fatemeh Chichagi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Ju-Huei Chien
Taichung Tzu-Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation
Patrick R. Ching
Virginia Commonwealth University
William C.S. Cho
Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Sungchul Choi
Yonsei University
Bryan Chong
National University of Singapore (NUS)
Hitesh Chopra
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences
Sonali Gajanan Choudhari
Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences
Devasahayam J. Christopher
Christian Medical College
Dinh-Toi Chu
Vietnam National University
Isaac Sunday Chukwu
Federal Medical Centre
Eric Chung
University of Queensland
Sheng-Chia Chung
University College London (UCL)
Zinhle Cindi
University of Pennsylvania
Iolanda Cioffi
University of Milan
Raffaela Ciuffreda
University of Sannio
Rafael M. Claro
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Kaleb Coberly
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Alyssa Columbus
Haley Comfort
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Joao Conde
Nova University of Lisbon
Michael H. Criqui
University of California
Natália Cruz-Martins
I3S- Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude
Silvia Magali Cuadra-Hernandez
National Institute of Public Health
Sriharsha Dadana
Cheyenne Regional Medical Center
Omid Dadras
University of Bergen
Tukur Dahiru
Ahmadu Bello University
Zhaoli Dai
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Bronte Dalton
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Giovanni Damiani
University of Milan
Aso Mohammad Darwesh
University of Human Development
Jai Das
Aga Khan University
Saswati Das
Ministry of Health and Welfare
Mohsen Dashti
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Anna Dastiridou
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes
Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences Mexico
Kairat Davletov
Kazakh National Medical University
Aklilu Tamire Debele
Haramaya University
Shayom Debopadhaya
Albany Medical College
Somayeh Delavari
Center for Educational Research in Medical Educaion (CERMS)
Ivan Delgado-Enciso
University of Colima
Dessalegn Demeke
Bahar Dar University
Berecha Hundessa Demessa
Jimma University
Xinlei Deng
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
National Institute of Public Health
Kebede Deribe
Addis Ababa University
Nikolaos Dervenis
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Hardik Dineshbhai Desai
Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences
Rupak Desai
Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu
Chettinad Academy of Research and Education
Arkadeep Dhali
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Kuldeep Dhama
ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Meghnath Dhimal
Nepal Health Research Council
Vishal R. Dhulipala
The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute
Diana Dias Da Silva
University of Porto
Daniel Diaz
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Michael J. Diaz
University of Florida
Adriana Dima
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Delaney D. Ding
University of Florida
M. Ashworth Dirac
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Thanh Chi Do
Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine
Thao Huynh Phuong Do
Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Camila Bruneli do Prado
Federal University of Espírito Santo
Sushil Dohare
Jazan University
Wanyue Dong
Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Mario D'Oria
University of Trieste
Wendel Mombaque dos Santos
Hospital Alemao Oswaldo Cruz (Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital)
Leila Doshmangir
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Robert Kokou Dowou
University of Health and Allied Sciences
Ashel Chelsea Dsouza
Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute
Haneil Larson Dsouza
Kasturba Medical College
Viola Dsouza
Health Policy Department
John Dube
University of Windsor
Joe Duprey
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Andre Rodrigues Duraes
Federal University of Bahia
Senbagam Duraisamy
SRM Institute of Science and Technology
Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye
University of Sheffield
Sulagna Dutta
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Laura Dwyer-Lindgren
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Paulina Agnieszka Dzianach
Telethon Kids Institute
Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic
School of Medicine in Katowice
Alireza Ebrahimi
Massachusetts General Hospital
Hisham Atan Edinur
University of Science Malaysia
Kristina Edvardsson
La Trobe University
Ferry Efendi
La Trobe University
Terje Andreas Eikemo
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
Michael Ekholuenetale
University of Ibadan
Maha El Tantawi
Alexandria University
Noha Mousaad Elemam
University of Sharjah
Ghada Metwally Tawfik ElGohary
King Saud University
Muhammed Elhadi
University of Tripoli
Legesse Tesfaye Elilo
Wachemo University
Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy
Alexandria University
Mohamed A. Elmonem
Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM)
Mohammed Elshaer
Mansoura University
Ibrahim Elsohaby
City University of Hong Kong
Amir Emami Zeydi
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Luchuo Engelbert Bain
University of Lincoln
Sharareh Eskandarieh
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Francesco Esposito
University of Bologna
Kara Estep
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Farshid Etaee
Yale University
Natalia Fabin
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
University of Ibadan
Saman Fahimi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Aliasghar Fakhri-Demeshghieh
University of Tehran
Luca Falzone
University of Catania
Ali Faramarzi
Student Research Committee
MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris
Sam Farmer
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Andre Faro
Federal University of Sergipe
Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi
Morehouse School of Medicine
Ali Fatehizadeh
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Nelsensius Klau Fauk
Torrens University Australia
Pooria Fazeli
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Valery L. Feigin
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad
Karolinska Institutet
Abdullah Hamid Feroze
Harvard University
Pietro Ferrara
University of Milano-Bicocca
Nuno Ferreira
University of Nicosia
Getahun Fetensa
Wollega University
Irina Filip
Kaiser Permanente
Florian Fischer
Charité University Medicine Berlin
Joanne Flavel
Stretton Health Equity
Nataliya A. Foigt
Academy of Medical Science
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
Obafemi Awolowo University
Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov
KA Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology
Behzad Foroutan
Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences
Matteo Foschi
University of L'Aquila
Kayode Raphael Fowobaje
University of Ibadan
Kate Louise Francis
Murdoch Childrens Research Hospital
Alberto Freitas
University of Porto
Takeshi Fukumoto
Kobe University
John E. Fuller
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Blima Fux
Federal University of Espírito Santo
Peter Andras Gaal
Semmelweis University
Muktar A. Gadanya
Bayero University
Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane
Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences
Yaseen Galali
Salahaddin University
Silvano Gallus
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
Aravind P. Gandhi
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Balasankar Ganesan
Federation University Australia
Mohammad Arfat Ganiyani
Grant Medical College and Sir J J Group of Hospitals
M.A. Garcia-Gordillo
Autonomous University of Chile
Naval Garg
Delhi Technological University
Rupesh K. Gautam
Indore Institute of Pharmacy
Federica Gazzelloni
Institute and Faculty of Actuaries
Semiu Olatunde Gbadamosi
Florida International University
Miglas W. Gebregergis
Adigrat University
Mesfin Gebrehiwot
Wollo University
Tesfay Brhane Gebremariam
Debre Berhan University
Tesfay Brhane Gebremariam
Aksum University
Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel
Flinders University
Yohannes Fikadu Geda
Wolkite University
Simona Roxana Georgescu
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Urge Gerema
Jimma University
Habtamu Geremew
Oda Bultum University
Motuma Erena Getachew
Jimma University
Peter W. Gething
Telethon Kids Institute
Mohammad Reza Ghasemi
Ghazal Ghasempour Dabaghi
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Fariba Ghassemi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Ramy Mohamed Ghazy
Alexandria University
Sailaja Ghimire
Nepal Health Research Council
Asadollah Gholamian
Islamic Azad University
Ali Gholamrezanezhad
University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine
Mahsa Ghorbani
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Aloke Gopal Ghoshal
National Allergy Asthma Bronchitis Institute
Arun Digambarrao Ghuge
Government Institute of Forensic Science
Artyom Urievich Gil
World Health Organization (WHO)
Tiffany K Gill
University of Adelaide
Matteo Giorgi
University of Siena
Alem Girmay
Aksum University
James C. Glasbey
University of Birmingham
Laszlo Göbölös
Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi
Amit Goel
Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences
Ali Golchin
Mahaveer Golechha
Indian Institute of Public Health
Pouya Goleij
Sana Institute of Higher Education
Sameer Vali Gopalani
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Houman Goudarzi
Hokkaido University
Alessandra Carvalho Goulart
University of Sao Paulo (USP)
Anmol Goyal
Stanford University
Simon Matthew Graham
University of Liverpool
Michal Grivna
College of Medicine and Health Sciences
Shi-Yang Guan
Anhui Medical University
Giovanni Guarducci
University of Siena
Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari
University of Sulaimani
Mesay Dechasa Gudeta
Haramaya University
Stefano Guicciardi
University of Bologna
Snigdha Gulati
Dignity Health
David Gulisashvili
University of Maryland
Damitha Asanga Gunawardane
University of Peradeniya
Cui Guo
The University of Hong Kong
Anish Kumar Gupta
Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University
Bhawna Gupta
Torrens University Australia
Manoj Kumar Gupta
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Mohak Gupta
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Sapna Gupta
Shriram Institute for Industrial Research
Veer Bala Gupta
Deakin University
Vijai Kumar Gupta
Dublin City University
Vivek Kumar Gupta
Macquarie University
Annie Haakenstad
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Farrokh Habibzadeh
Global Virus Network
Najah R. Hadi
University of Kufa
Nils Haep
Charité University Medicine Berlin
Ramtin Hajibeygi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Sebastian Haller
Robert Koch Institut
Rabih Halwani
Clinical Sciences Department
Randah Ribhi Hamadeh
Arabian Gulf University
Nadia M. Hamdy
Ain Shams University
Sajid Hameed
University Institute of Public Health
Aung Soe Htet
Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University
Qiuxia Han
Beijing Chao-yang Hospital
Alexis J. Handal
University of Michigan
Graeme J. Hankey
University of Western Australia
Md Nuruzzaman Haque
University of Rajshahi
Josep Maria Haro
University of Barcelona
Ahmed I. Hasaballah
Al-Azhar University
Ikramul Hasan
University of Dhaka
Mohammad Jahid Hasan
Murdoch University
S.M. Mahmudul Hasan
World University of Bangladesh
Hamidreza Hasani
Tehran
Md Saquib Hasnain
Palamau Institute of Pharmacy
Amr Hassan
Cairo University
Ikrama Hassan
Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital
Soheil Hassanipour
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Hadi Hassankhani
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Simon I. Hay
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Jeffrey J. Hebert
University of New Brunswick
Omar E. Hegazi
Ajman University
Mohammad Heidari
Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Bartosz Helfer
University of Wrocław
Mehdi Hemmati
MedStar Health
Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna
Universidad Autonoma de Manizales (Autonomous University of Manizales)
Claudiu Herteliu
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Kamran Hessami
Harvard University
Kamal Hezam
Taiz University
Yuta Hiraike
University of Tokyo
Nguyen Quoc Hoan
Hanoi Medical University
Ramesh Holla
Kasturba Medical College
Nobuyuki Horita
Yokohama City University
Md Mahbub Hossain
Nature Study Society of Bangladesh
Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain
University of Dhaka
Hassan Hosseinzadeh
University of Wollongong
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
University of Human Development
Mihaela Hostiuc
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Sorin Hostiuc
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Mohamed Hsairi
University Tunis El Manar
Vivian Chia-Rong Hsieh
China Medical University
Chengxi Hu
Tsinghua University
Junjie Huang
Chinese University of Hong Kong
M. Mamun Huda
University of Queensland
Ayesha Humayun
Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical College
Javid Hussain
University of Nizwa
Nawfal R. Hussein
University of Zakho
Hong-Han Huynh
Taipei Medical University
Bing-Fang Hwang
China Medical University
Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye
University of Ibadan
Pulwasha Maria Iftikhar
City University of New York (CUNY)
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi
University of Ibadan
Irena M. Ilic
University of Belgrade
Milena D. Ilic
University of Kragujevac
Mustapha Immurana
University of Health and Allied Sciences
Leeberk Raja Inbaraj
ICMR National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis
Afrin Iqbal
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
Md Rabiul Islam
University of Asia Pacific
Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail
Asian Institute of Medicine
Hiroyasu Iso
Osaka University
Gaetano Isola
University of Catania
Masao Iwagami
University of Tsukuba
Mahalaxmi Iyer
Karpagam Academy of Higher Education
J. Linda Merin
Jalil Jaafari
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Louis Jacob
Dr. D. Y. Patil University
Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Khushleen Jaggi
San Mateo Medical Center
Kasra Jahankhani
Nader Jahanmehr
Haitham Jahrami
Arabian Gulf University
Akhil Jain
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Nityanand Jain
Riga Stradins University
Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun
Dubai Municipality
Mihajlo Jakovljevic
The World Academy of Sciences UNESCO
Elham Jamshidi
Johns Hopkins University
Sabzali Javadov
University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus
Tahereh Javaheri
Boston University
Sathish Kumar Jayapal
Ministry of Health
Shubha Jayaram
Government Medical College
Sun Ha Jee
Yonsei University
Jayakumar Jeganathan
Manipal University
Anil K. Jha
Saint Vincent Hospital
Ravi Prakash Jha
Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital
Heng Jiang
La Trobe University
Mohammad Jokar
Islamic Azad University
Jost B. Jonas
Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel
Tamas Joo
Semmelweis University
Nitin Joseph
Manipal University
Charity Ehimwenma Joshua
National Open University
Farahnaz Joukar
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Jacek Józwiak
University of Opole
Mikk Jürisson
University of Tartu
K. Vaishali
Billingsley Kaambwa
Flinders University
Abdulkareem Kabir
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Ali Kabir
Ahmadu Bello University
Hannaneh Kabir
University of California Berkeley
Zubair Kabir
University College Cork
Rizwan Kalani
University of Washington
Leila R. Kalankesh
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Feroze Kaliyadan
College of Medicine
Sanjay Kalra
Chandigarh University
Rajesh Kamath
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Sagarika Kamath
Manipal Institute of Management
Tanuj Kanchan
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Edmund Wedam Kanmiki
University of Queensland
Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi
University of Puthisastra
S. Suthanthira Kannan
ESIC Medical College and Hospital Chennai
Sushil Kumar Kansal
Panjab University
Rami S. Kantar
Nab'a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care
Neeti Kapoor
Government Institute of Forensic Science
Mehrdad Karajizadeh
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Manoochehr Karami
Ibraheem M. Karaye
Hofstra University
Faizan Zaffar Kashoo
Majmaah University
Hengameh Kasraei
Eye Research Center
Nicholas J. Kassebaum
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Molly B. Kassel
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Joonas H. Kauppila
Karolinska Institutet
Foad Kazemi
Sara Kazeminia
Mayo Clinic
John H. Kempen
Harvard Medical School
Evie Shoshannah Kendal
Swinburne University of Technology
Kamyab Keshtkar
Arizona State University
Mohammad Keykhaei
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Himanshu Khajuria
Amity University
Amirmohammad Khalaji
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Nauman Khalid
Abu Dhabi University
Anees Ahmed Khalil
University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences
Alireza Khalilian
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Faham Khamesipour
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Ajmal Khan
University of Queensland
Asaduzzaman Khan
University of Nizwa
Ikramullah Khan
Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
M. Nuruzzaman Khan
Jazan University
Maseer Khan
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Mohammad Jobair Khan
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
Moien AB Khan
United Arab Emirates University
Young-Ho Khang
Seoul National University
Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi
Khaled Khatab
Sheffield Hallam University
Armin Khavandegar
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
Feriha Fatima Khidri
Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences
Moein Khormali
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Ali Khosravi
Pasteur Institute of Iran
Mahmood Khosrowjerdi
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
Wondwosen Teklesilasie Kidane
Hawassa University
Zemene Demelash Kifle
University of Gondar
Julie Sojin Kim
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Min Seo Kim
Broad Institute
Ruth W. Kimokoti
Millennium Prevention
Kasey E. Kinzel
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Girmay Tsegay Kiross
University of Newcastle
Adnan Kisa
Kristiania University College
Sezer Kisa
Oslo Metropolitan University
Ali-Asghar Kolahi
Social Determinants of Health Research Center
Farzad Kompani
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Gerbrand Koren
Utrecht University
Oleksii Korzh
Kharkiv National Medical University
Soewarta Kosen
Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Kewal Krishan
Panjab University
Varun Krishna
Manipal University
Vijay Krishnamoorthy
University of Washington
Barthelemy Kuate Defo
Université de Montréal
Connor M. Kubeisy
Harvard University
Burcu Kucuk Bicer
Gazi University
Md Abdul Kuddus
University of Rajshahi
Mohammed Kuddus
University of Hail
Ilari Kuitunen
Kuopio University Hospital
Mukhtar Kulimbet
Kazakh National Medical University
Harish Kumar
Shri Vishwakarma Skill University
Satyajit Kundu
North South University
Kunle Rotimi Kunle
Malaria Consortium
Om P. Kurmi
Coventry University
Asep Kusnali
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
Dian Kusuma
City University
Evans F. Kyei
University of Massachusetts Boston
Ilias Kyriopoulos
London School of Economics and Political Science
Carlo La Vecchia
University of Milan
Ben Lacey
University of Oxford
Muhammad Awwal Ladan
Bayero University
Lucie Laflamme
Karolinska Institutet
Chandrakant Lahariya
Foundation for Peoplecentric Health Systems
Daphne Teck Ching Lai
Universiti Brunei Darussalam
Dharmesh Kumar Lal
Indian Council of Medical Research
Ratilal Lalloo
University of Queensland
Judit Lám
Semmelweis University
Demetris Lamnisos
European University Cyprus
Ivan Landires
Institute of Medical Sciences
Francesco Lanfranchi
University of Genoa
Berthold Langguth
University of Regensburg
Ariane Laplante-Lévesque
Linköping University
Heidi Jane Larson
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Anders Larsson
Uppsala University
Savita Lasrado
Father Muller Medical College
Kamaluddin Latief
Taipei Medical University
Kaveh Latifinaibin
Long Khanh Dao Le
Monash University
Nhi Huu Hanh Le
Faculty of Medicine
Trang Diep Thanh Le
University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City
Caterina Ledda
'GF Ingrassia' University of Catania
Munjae Lee
Ajou University School of Medicine
Paul H. Lee
University Of Leicester
Seung Won Lee
Sungkyunkwan University
Yo Han Lee
Korea University
Gebretsadik Kiros Lema
Mekelle University
Elvynna Leong
Universiti Brunei Darussalam
Temesgen L. Lerango
Dilla University
An Li
Southern Medical University
Ming-Chieh Li
National Taiwan Normal University
Shanshan Li
Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences
Wei Li
Yale University
Xiaopan Li
Fudan University
Virendra S. Ligade
Stephen S. Lim
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Ro-Ting Lin
China Medical University
Paulina A. Lindstedt
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Stefan Listl
University Hospital Heidelberg
Gang Liu
University of Technology Sydney
Jue Liu
Beijing University of Technology
Xiaofeng Liu
Harvard University
Xuefeng Liu
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Yuewei Liu
Sun Yat-Sen University
Erand Llanaj
German Institute of Human Nutrition
Ruben Lopez-Bueno
University of Zaragoza
Platon D. Lopukhov
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
László Lorenzovici
Syreon Research Romania
Paulo A. Lotufo
University of Sao Paulo (USP)
Jailos Lubinda
Telethon Kids Institute
Giancarlo Lucchetti
Federal University of Juiz de Fora
Alessandra Lugo
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
Raimundas Lunevicius
University of Liverpool
Hengliang Lv
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Zheng Feei Ma
University of the West of England
Kelsey Lynn Maass
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Monika Machoy
Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
Aurea M. Madureira-Carvalho
Coop. de Ensino Sup. Politec. e Univ. (CESPU) (University Polytechnic Higher Education Cooperative)
Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek
Ministry of Health & Population
Azzam A. Maghazachi
Clinical Sciences Department
Soleiman Mahjoub
Babol University of Medical Sciences
Mansour Adam Mahmoud
Taibah University
Azeem Majeed
Imperial College London
Jeadran N. Malagón-Rojas
El Bosque University
Elaheh Malakan Rad
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Kashish Malhotra
Dayanand Medical College and Hospital
Ahmad Azam Malik
King Abdulaziz University
Iram Malik
Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University
Deborah Carvalho Malta
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Abdullah A. Mamun
University of Queensland
Yosef Manla
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Yasaman Mansoori
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Ali Mansour
ENSTA Bretagne
Borhan Mansouri
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Zeinab Mansouri
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Ali Mansournia
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Joemer C Maravilla
University of Queensland
Mirko Marino
University of Milan
Abdoljalal Marjani
Golestan University of Medical Sciences
Gabriel Martinez
Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM)
Ramon Martinez-Piedra
Pan American Health Organization
Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo
Science and Technology of Ceara
Miquel Martorell
University of Concepcion
Sharmeen Maryam
Bahauddin Zakariya University
Roy Rillera Marzo
Curtin University
Alireza Masoudi
Shahroud University of Medical Sciences
Jishanth Mattumpuram
University of Louisville
Richard James Maude
University of Oxford
Andrea Maugeri
'GF Ingrassia' University of Catania
Erin A. May
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Mahsa Mayeli
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Maryam Mazaheri
Dezful University of Medical Sciences
John J. McGrath
University of Queensland
Martin McKee
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Anna Laura W. McKowen
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Susan A. McLaughlin
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Steven M. McPhail
Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
Rahul Mehra
Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University)
Kamran Mehrabani-Zeinabad
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Entezar Mehrabi Nasab
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tesfahun Mekene Meto
Arba Minch University
Max Alberto Mendez Mendez-Lopez
Kantonsspital St Gallen
Walter Mendoza
United Nations Population Fund
Ritesh G. Menezes
Division of Forensic Medicine
George A. Mensah
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis
BGI Genomics
Sultan Ayoub Meo
King Saud University
Mohsen Merati
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Atte Meretoja
University of Melbourne
Tuomo J. Meretoja
Helsinki University Central Hospital
Abera M. Mersha
Arba Minch University
Tomislav Mestrovic
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Pouya Metanat
Mayo Clinic
Kukulege Chamila Dinushi Mettananda
University of Kelaniya
Sachith Mettananda
University of Kelaniya
Adquate Mhlanga
Stellenbosch University
Laurette Mhlanga
Northwestern University
Tianyue Mi
University of South Carolina
Tomasz Miazgowski
Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
Georgia Micha
"Helena Venizelou" General and Maternity Hospital
Irmina Maria Michalek
National Cancer Registry
Ted R. Miller
Curtin University
Le Huu Nhat Minh
Taipei Medical University
Mojgan Mirghafourvand
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Erkin M. Mirrakhimov
Kyrgyz State Medical Academy
Mizan Kiros Mirutse
Federal Ministry of Health
Moonis Mirza
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Roya Mirzaei
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Ashim Mishra
Sanjeev Misra
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Philip B. Mitchell
University of New South Wales
Chaitanya Mittal
Dr B C Roy Multi-Specialty Medical Research Centre
Babak Moazen
Heidelberg University
Abdalla Z. Mohamed
University of the Sunshine Coast
Ahmed Ismail Mohamed
Jimma University
Jama Mohamed
University of Hargeisa
Mouhand F.H. Mohamed
The Warren Alpert Medical School
Nouh Saad Mohamed
Sirius Training and Research Centre
Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Soheil Mohammadi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani
Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Mustapha Mohammed
Qatar University
Salahuddin Mohammed
Technische Universität Berlin
Shafiu Mohammed
Ahmadu Bello University
Ali H. Mokdad
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Peyman Mokhtarzadehazar
School of Medicine
Hossein Molavi Vardanjani
Sabrina Molinaro
Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica del CNR
Lorenzo Monasta
IRCCS Burlo Garofolo
Mohammad Ali Moni
University of Queensland
Maryam Moradi
Tehran
Yousef Moradi
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Paula Moraga
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Rafael Silveira Moreira
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca
Negar Morovatdar
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Shane D. Morrison
University of Washington
Jakub Morze
Chalmers, Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science
Abbas Mosapour
Babol University of Medical Sciences
Elias Mossialos
Imperial College London
Rohith Motappa
Manipal University
Parsa Mousavi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute
Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa
Flinders University
Sumaira Mubarik
University of Groningen
Lorenzo Muccioli
University of Bologna
Francesk Mulita
General University Hospital of Patras
Kavita Munjal
Amity University
Efren Murillo-Zamora
Mexican Institute of Social Security
Jonah Musa
University of Jos
Fungai Musaigwa
University of Pennsylvania
Ana-Maria Musina
University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa" Iasi
Sathish Muthu
Karpagam Academy of Higher Education
Saravanan Muthupandian
Mekelle University
Muhammad Muzaffar
Woojae Myung
Seoul National University
Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan
Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development
Gabriele Nagel
University of Ulm
Pirouz Naghavi
University of Florida
Ganesh R. Naik
Western Sydney University
Gurudatta A. Naik
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Mukhammad David Naimzada
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Firzan Nainu
Hasanuddin University
Vinay Nangia
Suraj Eye Institute
Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy
Government Medical College
Bruno Ramos Nascimento
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Gustavo G. Nascimento
Duke-NUS Medical School
Abdallah Y. Naser
Isra University
Mohammad Javad Nasiri
Zuhair S. Natto
Harvard University
Javaid Nauman
College of Medicine and Health Sciences
Muhammad Naveed
University of Central Punjab
Biswa Prakash Nayak
Amity University
Vinod C. Nayak
Rawlance Ndejjo
Makerere University
Sabina Onyinye Nduaguba
West Virginia University
Hadush Negash
Adigrat University
Chernet Tafere Negesse
Bahar Dar University
Ionut Negoi
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Ruxandra Irina Negoi
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
Chakib Nejjari
Euromed University of Fes
Samata Nepal
Kathmandu University
Henok Biresaw Netsere
University of Gondar
Georges Nguefack-Tsague
Universite de Yaounde I
Josephine Wanjiku Ngunjiri
University of Embu
Dang H. Nguyen
Massachusetts General Hospital
Hau Thi Hien Nguyen
Duy Tan University
Phuong The Nguyen
National Cancer Center Tokyo
QuynhAnh P. Nguyen
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Van Thanh Nguyen
Robina Khan Niazi
International Islamic University Islamabad
Yeshambel T. Nigatu
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikolouzakis
Heraklion University Hospital
Ali Nikoobar
Social Determinants of Health Research Center
Amin Reza Nikpoor
Queen's University
Chukwudi A. Nnaji
University of Cape Town
Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi
Teesside University
Efaq Ali Noman
Taiz University
Shuhei Nomura
University of Tokyo
Mamoona Noreen
The Women University Multan
Nafise Noroozi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi
Nnamdi Azikiwe University
Mengistu H. Nunemo
Wachemo University
Virginia Nuñez-Samudio
Institute of Medical Sciences
Dieta Nurrika
Banten School of Health Science
Jerry John Nutor
University of California
Bogdan Oancea
Universitatea din Bucuresti
Kehinde O. Obamiro
James Cook University
Ismail A. Odetokun
University of Ilorin
Nkechi Martina Odogwu
Mayo Clinic
Martin J. O'Donnell
National University of Ireland
Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya
University of Lagos
Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade
University College London (UCL)
James Odhiambo Oguta
University of Sheffield
In-Hwan Oh
Kyung Hee University
Sylvester Reuben Okeke
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
University of Ibadan
Osaretin Christabel Okonji
University of the Western Cape
Patrick Godwin Okwute
Babcock University
Andrew T. Olagunju
McMaster University
Omotola O. Olasupo
McMaster University
Matthew Idowu Olatubi
Bowen University
Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya
Center for Healthy Start Initiative
Jacob Olusegun Olusanya
Center for Healthy Start Initiative
Gideon Olamilekan Oluwatunase
University of Medical Sciences
Hany A. Omar
Goran Latif Omer
University of Sulaimani
Obinna E. Onwujekwe
Nsukka
Michal Ordak
Medical University of Warsaw
Orish Ebere Orisakwe
University of Port Harcourt
Verner N. Orish
University of Health and Allied Sciences
Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano
National Institute of Public Health
Alberto Ortiz
Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)
Esteban Ortiz-Prado
University of the Americas
Wael M. S. Osman
Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu
Western Sydney University
Olayinka Osuolale
Elizade University
Adrian Otoiu
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Stanislav S Otstavnov
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Amel Ouyahia
University Ferhat Abbas of Setif
Guoqing Ouyang
Central South University
Mayowa Ojo Owolabi
University of Ibadan
Yaz Ozten
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
P.A. Mahesh Padukudru
JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research
Mohammad Taha Pahlevan Fallahy
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Feng Pan
University of Tasmania
Hai-Feng Pan
Anhui Medical University
Adrian Pana
Babeș-Bolyai University
Paramjot Panda
Asian Institute of Public Health University
Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
Privatpraxis
Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
Georgios D. Panos
Nottingham University Hospitals Queen's Medical Centre Campus
Leonidas D. Panos
University of Bern
Ioannis Pantazopoulos
University of Thessaly
Anca Mihaela Pantea Stoian
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Romil R. Parikh
University of Minnesota
Seoyeon Park
Yonsei University
Ashwaghosha Parthasarathi
Rutgers University
Ava Pashaei
University of British Columbia (UBC)
Roberto Passera
University of Torino
Hemal M. Patel
Charotar University of Science and Technology
Jay Patel
University of Edinburgh
Shankargouda Patil
Roseman University of Health Sciences
Dimitrios Patoulias
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Venkata Suresh Patthipati
Advent Health
Uttam Paudel
Nepal Health Research Council
Mihaela Paun
Universitatea din Bucuresti
Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi
Spencer A. Pease
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Amy E. Peden
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Paolo Pedersini
Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus
Minjin Peng
Taihe Hospital
Umberto Pensato
Humanitas Research Hospital
Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito
Ateneo de Manila University
Prince Peprah
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Gavin Pereira
Curtin University
Mario F.P. Peres
University of Sao Paulo (USP)
Arokiasamy Perianayagam
International Institute for Population Sciences
Norberto Perico
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
Simone Perna
University of Bahrain
Richard G. Pestell
Baruch S Blumberg Institute
Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha
Universidad Diego Portales (Diego Portales University)
Hoang Tran Pham
Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine
Anil K. Philip
University of Nizwa
Daniela Pierannunzio
Istituto Superiore Di Sanita
Manon Pigeolet
Harvard Medical School
David M. Pigott
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Evgenii Plotnikov
Tomsk Polytechnic University
Dimitri Poddighe
Nazarbayev University
Peter Pollner
Semmelweis University
Ramesh Poluru
The INCLEN Trust International
Maarten J. Postma
Padjadjaran University
Ghazaleh Pourali
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Akram Pourshams
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Naeimeh Pourtaheri
Bam University of Medical Sciences
Disha Prabhu
University of Mississippi
Sergio I. Prada
Valle del Lili Foundation
Pranil Man Singh Pradhan
Harvard School of Public Health
Manya Prasad
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences
Akila Prashant
JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research
Bharathi M. Purohit
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Jagadeesh Puvvula
University of Pennsylvania
Nameer Hashim Qasim
Cihan University-Sulaimaniya
Ibrahim Qattea
Case Western Reserve University
R. Deepthi
Government Medical College
Mehrdad Rabiee Rad
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Amir Radfar
University of Central Florida
Venkatraman Radhakrishnan
Cancer Institute
Pourya Raee
Hadi Raeisi Shahraki
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Alireza Rafiei
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Seyedeh Niloufar Rafiei Alavi
University of California at Irvine (UCI)
Cat Raggi
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Pankaja Raghav Raghav
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Fakher Rahim
Cihan University-Sulaimaniya
Md Jillur Rahim
University of Alabama
Md Mosfequr Rahman
La Trobe University
Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman
University of Rajshahi
Mosiur Rahman
University of Rajshahi
Muhammad Aziz Rahman
Federation University Australia
Vahid Rahmanian
Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences
Masoud Rahmati
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Niloufar Rahnavard
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Pramila Rai
Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences
Diego Raimondo
Irccs Azienda Ospedaliero
Ali Rajabpour-Sanati
Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Prashant Rajput
Centre for Chronic Disease Control
Prasanna Ram
Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy
Stanford University
Juwel Rana
McGill University
Kritika Rana
Western Sydney University
Shailendra Singh Rana
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Chhabi Lal Ranabhat
Policy Research Institute
Nemanja Rancic
University of Defence in Belgrade
Amey Rane
Agios Pharmaceuticals
Shubham Ranjan
Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
Chythra R. Rao
Indu Ramachandra Rao
Deepthi Rapaka
Andhra University
Davide Rasella
Federal University of Bahia
Sina Rashedi
Vahid Rashedi
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
Social Determinants of Health Research Center
Azad Rasul
Soran University
Zubair Ahmed Ratan
University of Wollongong
Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu
Qatar University
Santosh Kumar Rauniyar
University of Tokyo
Nakul Ravikumar
University of Chicago
David Rawaf
Imperial College London
Salman Rawaf
Imperial College London
Reza Rawassizadeh
Boston University
Bharat Rawlley
SUNY Albany
Murali Mohan Rama Krishna Reddy
Manipal University
Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan
King Abdulaziz University
Giuseppe Remuzzi
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
Bhageerathy Reshmi
Nazila Rezaei
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Aida Rezaei Nejad
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mohsen Rezaeian
Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Abanoub Riad
Masaryk University
Mavra A. Riaz
University of Lahore
Jennifer Rickard
University of Minnesota
Reza Rikhtegar
Universitats Klinikum Essen und Medizinische Fakultat
Hannah Elizabeth Robinson-Oden
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Celia Fortuna Rodrigues
University of Porto
Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez
University of Oxford
Ravi Rohilla
Panjab University
Debby Syahru Romadlon
Chulalongkorn University
Luca Ronfani
IRCCS Burlo Garofolo
Himanshu Sekhar Rout
Utkal University
Bedanta Roy
Quest International University Perak
Nitai Roy
Patuakhali Science and Technology University
Priyanka Roy
Directorate of Factories
Enrico Rubagotti
Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation
Guilherme de Andrade Ruela
Federal University of Juiz de Fora
Susan Fred Rumisha
Telethon Kids Institute
Tilleye Runghien
University of Oxford
S. Manjula
JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research
S.N. Chandan
JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research
Aly M.A. Saad
Zagazig University
Zahra Saadatian
Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad
Clinical Sciences Department
Morteza SaberiKamarposhti
Multimedia University
Siamak Sabour
Fatos Sada
University of Pristina
Basema Saddik
College of Medicine
Bashdar Abuzed Sadee
Salahaddin University
Ehsan Sadeghi
Erfan Sadeghi
Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Reza Saeb
Medical University of Gdańsk
Umar Saeed
Foundation University
Sher Zaman Safi
Bioscience and Nursing
Dominic Sagoe
University of Bergen
Manika Saha
Monash University
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Soumya Swaroop Sahoo
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Monalisha Sahu
Zahra Saif
Ministry of Health
Joseph W. Sakshaug
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU)
Payman Salamati
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Afeez Abolarinwa Salami
University College Hospital
Mohamed A. Saleh
College of Medicine
Marwa Rashad Salem
Cairo University
Mohammed Z.Y. Salem
University College of Applied Sciences
Sohrab Salimi
Sara Samadzadeh
Charité University Medicine Berlin
Yoseph Leonardo Samodra
Taipei Medical University
Vijaya Paul Samuel
Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University
Abdallah M. Samy
Ain Shams University
Juan Sanabria
Case Western Reserve University
Nima Sanadgol
RWTH Aachen University
Francesca Sanna
Telethon Kids Institute
Milena M. Santric-Milicevic
University of Belgrade
Haaris Saqib
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy
Aswini Saravanan
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Babak Saravi
University of Freiburg
Yaser Sarikhani
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Tanmay Sarkar
West Bengal State Council of Technical Education
Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez
Faculty of Medicine
Gargi Sachin Sarode
Dr. D. Y. Patil University
Sachin C. Sarode
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu-CIBERSAM
Arash Sarveazad
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Brijesh Sathian
Hamad Medical Corporation
Thirunavukkarasu Sathish
Emory University
Anudeep Sathyanarayan
Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute
Abu Sayeed
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
Md Abu Sayeed
Australian National University
Nikolaos Scarmeas
University of Athens
Winfried Schlee
University of Regensburg
Art Schuermans
Massachusetts General Hospital
David C. Schwebel
University of Alabama
Falk Schwendicke
Klinikum der Universitat Munchen
Siddharthan Selvaraj
Asian Institute of Medicine
Pallav Sengupta
Gulf Medical University
Subramanian Senthilkumaran
Manian Medical Centre
Sadaf G. Sepanlou
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Dragos Serban
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Edson E. Servan-Mori
National Institute of Public Health
Yashendra Sethi
Government Doon Medical College
Seyed Ahmad Seyed Alinaghi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Seyed Arsalan Seyedi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Allen Seylani
Lung
Mahan Shafie
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Jaffer Shah
Kateb University
Pritik A. Shah
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences
Ataollah Shahbandi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Samiah Shahid
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Moyad Jamal Shahwan
Ajman University
Ahmed Shaikh
Institute of Critical Care Medicine
Masood Ali Shaikh
Muhammad Aaqib Shamim
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Mehran Shams-Beyranvand
Alborz University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Anas Shamsi
Ajman University
Mohd Shanawaz
Jazan University
Abhishek Shankar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Mohammed Shannawaz
Amity University
Medha Sharath
Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute
Sadaf Sharfaei
Harvard University
Amin Sharifan
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Javad Sharifi-Rad
University of Azuay
Manoj Sharma
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Rajesh Sharma
Delhi Technological University
Ujjawal Sharma
Central University of Punjab
Vishal Sharma
Panjab University
Rajesh P. Shastry
Yenepoya University
Amin Shavandi
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
David H. Shaw
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Amir Mehdi Shayan
Clemson University
Maryam Shayan
Ophthalmic Research Center (ORC)
Amr Mohamed Elsayed Shehabeldine
Al-Azhar University
Aziz Sheikh
Harvard University
Rahim Ali Sheikhi
Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Manjunath Mala Shenoy
Yenepoya Medical College
Pavanchand H. Shetty
Manipal University
Peilin Shi
Tufts University
Desalegn Shiferaw
Jimma University
Mika Shigematsu
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
Rahman Shiri
Työterveyslaitos
Reza Shirkoohi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Aminu Shittu
Usmanu Danfodiyo University
Velizar Shivarov
Sofiamed University Hospital
Farhad Shokraneh
University of Nottingham
Sina Shool
Emergency Department
Seyed Afshin Shorofi
Flinders University
Kanwar Hamza Shuja
Quaid-i-Azam University
Kerem Shuval
The Cooper Institute
Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
Khartoum University
Joao Pedro Silva
University of Porto
Luis Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva
Polytechnic Institute of Guarda
Soraia Silva
University of Coimbra
Biagio Simonetti
University of Sannio
Anjali Singal
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Abhinav Singh
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Balbir Bagicha Singh
The University of Sydney
Jasvinder A. Singh
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Md Shahjahan Siraj
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
Georgia Smith
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Bogdan Socea
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Anton Sokhan
Kharkiv National Medical University
Ranjan Solanki
Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine
Shipra Solanki
American University of Integrative Sciences
Hamidreza Soleimani
Sameh S.M. Soliman
Yonatan Solomon
Dire Dawa University
Yimeng Song
Yale University
Reed J.D. Sorensen
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Michael Spartalis
University of Athens
Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy
International Medical University
Vijay Kumar Srivastava
Amity University Rajasthan
Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai
Kandahar University
Vladimir I Starodubov
Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health
Antonina V. Starodubova
Federal Research Institute of Nutrition
Simona Cătălina Stefan
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Paschalis Steiropoulos
Democritus University of Thrace
Mark Andrew Stokes
Deakin University
Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
Monash University Malaysia
Muhammad Suleman
University of Swat
Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader
Indian Council of Medical Research
Abida Sultana
Mental Health Research
Jing Sun
Charles Sturt University
Chandan Kumar Swain
Utkal University
Bryan L. Sykes
Cornell University
Lukasz Szarpak
Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy
Mindy D. Szeto
Colorado School of Public Health
Miklos Szócska
Semmelweis University
Payam Tabaee Damavandi
Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland
Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos
Universitat de Valencia
Ozra Tabatabaei Malazy
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh
Islamic Azad University
Shima Tabatabai
Karen M. Tabb
University of Illinois
Mohammad Tabish
Shaqra University
Moslem Taheri Soodejani
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Jabeen Taiba
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Ardeshir Tajbakhsh
Iman M. Talaat
Alexandria University
Ashis Talukder
Australian National University
Mircea Tampa
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi
Stellenbosch University
Ker-Kan Tan
National University of Singapore (NUS)
Haosu Tang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Derbie Alemu D.A. Tareke
Arba Minch University
Mengistie Kassahun Tariku
Debre Markos University
Vivian Y. Tat
Debre Markos University
Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mojtaba Teimoori
Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
Mohamad-Hani Temsah
King Saud University
Reem Mohamad Hani Temsah
Alfaisal University
Masayuki Teramoto
University of California San Francisco
Dufera Rikitu Terefa
Wollega University
Riki Tesler
Ariel University
Enoch Teye-Kwadjo
Stellenbosch University
Ramna Thakur
Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
Pugazhenthan Thangaraju
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan
Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences
Rekha Thapar
Manipal University
Samar Tharwat
Mansoura University
Rasiah Thayakaran
Faculty of Medicine
Nihal Thomas
Christian Medical College
Ales Tichopad
Czech Technical University in Prague
Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu
Universitas Sam Ratulangi
Tenaw Yimer Tiruye
University of South Australia
Mariya Vladimirovna Titova
KA Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology
Marcello Tonelli
Cumming School of Medicine
Marcos Roberto Tovani Palone
Saveetha Dental College And Hospitals
Eugenio Traini
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences
Jasmine T. Tran
Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis
Nghia Minh Tran
Children's Hospital 1
Indang Trihandini
Universitas Indonesia
Samuel Joseph Tromans
University Of Leicester
Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen
Nam Can Tho University
Aristidis Tsatsakis
University of Crete
Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini
Dalhousie University
Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu
Stefanos Tyrovolas
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin
Asian University for Women
Aniefiok John Udoakang
University of Medical Sciences
Arit Udoh
University of Exeter
Atta Ullah
University of Nizwa
Saeed Ullah
University of Nizwa
Sana Ullah
University of Karachi
Srikanth Umakanthan
University of West Indies
Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki
Brigid Unim
Istituto Superiore Di Sanita
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
Kasturba Medical College
Era Upadhyay
Amity University Rajasthan
Jibrin Sammani Usman
Bayero University
Marco Vacante
University of Catania
Seyed Mohammad Vahabi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan
University of Bahrain
Rohollah Valizadeh
Urmia University of Medical Science
Jef Van den Eynde
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Elena Varavikova
Central Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics
Orsolya Varga
Debreceni Egyetem
Priya Vart
University of Groningen
Shoban Babu Varthya
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Tommi Juhani Vasankari
UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research
Balachandar Vellingiri
Central University of Punjab
Deneshkumar Venugopal
Bharathiar University
Nicholas Alexander Verghese
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Madhur Verma
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Massimiliano Veroux
'GF Ingrassia' University of Catania
Georgios-Ioannis Verras
General University Hospital of Patras
Dominique Vervoort
Jorge Hugo Villafañe
Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus
Manish Vinayak
Francesco S. Violante
University of Bologna
Mukesh Vishwakarma
Banasthali Vidyapith
Sergey K. Vladimirov
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Vasiliy V. Vlassov
National Research University Higher School of Economics
Bay Vo
HUTECH University
Simona Ruxandra Volovat
University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa" Iasi
Theo Vos
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Isidora S Vujcic
University of Belgrade
Hatem A. Wafa
King's College London
Yasir Waheed
Innovation
Elias Bekele Wakwoya
Arsi University
Cong Wang
Washington University in St. Louis
Denny Wang
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Fang Wang
XuZhou Medical University
Shu Wang
Capital Medical University
Yanzhong Wang
University of Sao Paulo (USP)
Yuan-Pang Wang
King's College London
Paul Ward
Centre for Health Policy Research
Emebet Gashaw Wassie
Debre Markos University
Stefanie Watson
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Marcia R. Weaver
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Kosala Gayan Weerakoon
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Daniel J. Weiss
Telethon Kids Institute
Katherine M. Wells
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Yi Feng Wen
Xi'an Jiaotong University
Ronny Westerman
Federal Institute for Population Research
Taweewat Wiangkham
Naresuan University
Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe
University of Colombo
Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Peter Willeit
University of Cambridge
Yohannes Addisu Wondimagegene
Dilla University
Felicia Wu
Michigan State University
Juan Xia
Capital Medical University
Hong Xiao
Zhejiang University
Gelin Xu
Jinling Hospital
Suowen Xu
University of Science and Technology of China
Xiaoyue Xu
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Ali Yadollahpour
University of Sheffield
Shirin Yaghoobpoor
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Tina Yaghoobpour
Sajad Yaghoubi
Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences
Zwanden Sule Yahaya
Kaduna State University
Danting Yang
University of Florida
Lin Yang
University of Calgary
Yuichiro Yano
Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
Habib Yaribeygi
Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Pengpeng Ye
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Renjulal Yesodharan
Manipal University
Subah Abderehim Yesuf
Saber Yezli
Epidemiology
Amanuel Yigezu
Trinity College Dublin
Paul Yip
The University of Hong Kong
Dong Keon Yon
Kyung Hee University
Naohiro Yonemoto
Juntendo University
Yuyi You
The University of Sydney
Mustafa Z. Younis
Jackson State University
Zabihollah Yousefi
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Chuanhua Yu
Wuhan University
Yong Yu
Renmin Hospital
Chun-Wei Yuan
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Nima Zafari
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Fathiah Zakham
Nazar Zaki
United Arab Emirates University
Giulia Zamagni
IRCCS Burlo Garofolo
Milad Zandi
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Ghazal G.Z. Zandieh
Moein Zangiabadian
School of Medicine
Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin
University of California
Haijun Zhang
Meixin Zhang
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Yunquan Zhang
Wuhan University of Science and Technology
Chenwen Zhong
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Juexiao Zhou
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Bin Zhu
Southern University of Science and Technology
Lei Zhu
Yunnan University
Magdalena Zielińska
Medical University of Warsaw
Zhiyong Zou
Peking University Health Science Center
Samer H. Zyoud
Ajman University
Christopher J.L. Murray
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Amanda E. Smith
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Stein Emil Vollset
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
The Lancet
0140-6736 (ISSN) 1474-547X (eISSN)
Vol. 403 10440 2057-2099Subject Categories (SSIF 2011)
Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
DOI
10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00550-6
PubMed
38521087