Direction reconstruction for the in-ice radio array of IceCube-Gen2
Paper in proceeding, 2024

The IceCube-Gen2 facility will extend the energy range of IceCube to ultra-high energies. The key component to detect neutrinos with energies above 10 PeV is a large array of in-ice radio detectors. In previous work, direction reconstruction algorithms using the forward-folding technique have been developed for both shallow (≲ 20 m) and deep in-ice detectors, and have also been successfully used to reconstruct cosmic rays with ARIANNA. Here, we focus on the reconstruction algorithm for the deep in-ice detector, which was recently introduced in the context of the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G). We discuss the performance-critical aspects of the algorithm, as well as recent and future improvements, and apply it to study the performance of a station of the IceCube-Gen2 in-ice radio array. We obtain the angular resolution, which turns out to be strongly asymmetric, and use this to optimize the configuration of a single station.

Author

A. Nelles

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

R. Abbasi

Loyola University of Chicago

M. Ackermann

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

J. Adams

University of Canterbury

S. K. Agarwalla

University of Wisconsin Madison

J.A. Aguilar

Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

M. Ahlers

Niels Bohr Institute

J. M. Alameddine

Technische Universität Dortmund

N.M. Amin

University of Delaware

K. Andeen

Marquette University

G. Anton

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

C. Argüelles

Harvard University

Y. Ashida

University of Utah

S. Athanasiadou

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

J. Audehm

RWTH Aachen University

S. N. Axani

University of Delaware

X. Bai

South Dakota School of Mines & Technology

A. V. Balagopal

University of Wisconsin Madison

M. Baricevic

University of Wisconsin Madison

S.W. Barwick

University of California at Irvine (UCI)

V. Basu

University of Wisconsin Madison

R. Bay

University of California

Julia Tjus

Ruhr-Universität Bochum

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics

J. Beise

Uppsala University

C. Bellenghi

Technical University of Munich

C. Benning

RWTH Aachen University

S. Benzvi

University of Rochester

D. Berley

University of Maryland

E. Bernardini

University of Padua

D. Z. Besson

University of Kansas

A. Bishop

University of Wisconsin Madison

E. Blaufuss

University of Maryland

S. Blot

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

M. Böhmer

Technical University of Munich

F. Bontempo

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

J. Y. Book

Harvard University

J. Borowka

RWTH Aachen University

C. Boscolo Meneguolo

University of Padua

S. Böser

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

O. Botner

Uppsala University

J. Böttcher

RWTH Aachen University

S. Bouma

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

E. Bourbeau

Niels Bohr Institute

J. Braun

University of Wisconsin Madison

B. Brinson

Georgia Institute of Technology

J. Brostean-Kaiser

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

R. T. Burley

University of Adelaide

R.S. Busse

University of Münster

D. Butterfield

University of Wisconsin Madison

M.A. Campana

Drexel University

K. Carloni

Harvard University

E. G. Carnie-Bronca

University of Adelaide

M. Cataldo

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

J. Krishnamoorthi

University of Wisconsin Madison

N. Chau

Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

C. Chen

Georgia Institute of Technology

Z. Chen

Stony Brook University

D. Chirkin

University of Wisconsin Madison

S. Choi

Sungkyunkwan University

B.A. Clark

University of Maryland

R. Clark

King's College London

L. Classen

University of Münster

A. Coleman

Uppsala University

G.H. Collin

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

J.M. Conrad

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

D. F. Cowen

Pennsylvania State University

B. Dasgupta

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

P. Dave

Georgia Institute of Technology

C. Deaconu

The Enrico Fermi Institute

C. De Clercq

Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

S. De Kockere

Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

J.J. Delaunay

University of Alabama

D. Delgado

Harvard University

S. Deng

RWTH Aachen University

K. Deoskar

Oskar Klein Centre

A. Desai

University of Wisconsin Madison

P. Desiati

University of Wisconsin Madison

K. D. De Vries

Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

G. De Wasseige

Universite catholique de Louvain

T. Deyoung

Michigan State University

A. Diaz

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

J. C. Díaz-Vélez

University of Wisconsin Madison

M. Dittmer

University of Münster

A. Domi

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

H. Dujmovic

University of Wisconsin Madison

M. A. Duvernois

University of Wisconsin Madison

T. Ehrhardt

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

P. Eller

Technical University of Munich

E. Ellinger

Bergische Universität Wuppertal

S. El Mentawi

RWTH Aachen University

D. Elsaesser

Technische Universität Dortmund

R. Engel

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

H. Erpenbeck

University of Wisconsin Madison

J. Evans

University of Maryland

J. Evans

University of Manchester

P.A. Evenson

University of Delaware

K.L. Fan

University of Maryland

K. Fang

University of Wisconsin Madison

K. Farrag

Queen Mary University of London

K. Farrag

Chiba University

A. R. Fazely

Southern University and A&M College

A. Fedynitch

Academia Sinica

N. Feigl

Humboldt University of Berlin

S. Fiedlschuster

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

C. Finley

Oskar Klein Centre

L. Fischer

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

B. Flaggs

University of Delaware

D. Fox

Pennsylvania State University

A. Franckowiak

Ruhr-Universität Bochum

A. Fritz

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

T. Fujii

Osaka Metropolitan University

P. Fürst

RWTH Aachen University

J. S. Gallagher III

University of Wisconsin Madison

E. Ganster

RWTH Aachen University

A. Garcia

Harvard University

L. Gerhardt

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

R. Gernhaeuser

Technical University of Munich

A. Ghadimi

University of Alabama

P. Giri

University of Nebraska - Lincoln

C. Glaser

Uppsala University

T. Glauch

Technical University of Munich

T. Glüsenkamp

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

N. Goehlke

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

S. Goswami

University of Alabama

D. Grant

Michigan State University

S.J. Gray

University of Maryland

O. Gries

RWTH Aachen University

S. Griffin

University of Wisconsin Madison

S. Griswold

University of Rochester

D. Guevel

University of Wisconsin Madison

C. Günther

RWTH Aachen University

P. Gutjahr

Technische Universität Dortmund

C. Haack

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

T. Haji Azim

RWTH Aachen University

A. Hallgren

Uppsala University

R. Halliday

Michigan State University

S. Hallmann

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

L. Halve

RWTH Aachen University

F. Halzen

University of Wisconsin Madison

H. Hamdaoui

Stony Brook University

M. Ha Minh

Technical University of Munich

K. Hanson

University of Wisconsin Madison

J. Hardin

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

A.A. Harnisch

Michigan State University

P. Hatch

Queen's University

J. Haugen

University of Wisconsin Madison

A. Haungs

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

D. Heinen

RWTH Aachen University

K. Helbing

Bergische Universität Wuppertal

J. Hellrung

Ruhr-Universität Bochum

B. Hendricks

Eberly College of Science

F. Henningsen

Technical University of Munich

J. Henrichs

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

L. Heuermann

RWTH Aachen University

N. Heyer

Uppsala University

S. Hickford

Bergische Universität Wuppertal

A. Hidvegi

Oskar Klein Centre

J. Hignight

University of Alberta

C. Hill

Chiba University

G.C. Hill

University of Adelaide

K.D. Hoffman

University of Maryland

B. Hoffmann

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

K. Holzapfel

Technical University of Munich

S. Hori

University of Wisconsin Madison

K. Hoshina

University of Wisconsin Madison

W. Hou

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

T. Huber

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

T. Huege

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

K. Hughes

University of Chicago

K. Hultqvist

Oskar Klein Centre

M. Hünnefeld

Technische Universität Dortmund

R. Hussain

University of Wisconsin Madison

K. Hymon

Technische Universität Dortmund

S. In

Sungkyunkwan University

A. Ishihara

Chiba University

M. Jacquart

University of Wisconsin Madison

O. Janik

RWTH Aachen University

M. Jansson

Oskar Klein Centre

G.S. Japaridze

Clark Atlanta University

M. Jeong

Sungkyunkwan University

M. Jin

Harvard University

B.J.P. Jones

University of Texas at Arlington

O. Kalekin

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

D. Kang

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

W. Kang

Sungkyunkwan University

X. Kang

Drexel University

A. Kappes

University of Münster

D. Kappesser

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

L. Kardum

Technische Universität Dortmund

T. Karg

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

M. Karl

Technical University of Munich

A. Karle

University of Wisconsin Madison

T. Katori

King's College London

U. Katz

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

M. Kauer

University of Wisconsin Madison

J.L. Kelley

University of Wisconsin Madison

A. Khatee Zathul

University of Wisconsin Madison

A. Kheirandish

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

J. Kiryluk

Stony Brook University

S.R. Klein

University of California

T. Kobayashi

Osaka Metropolitan University

A. Kochocki

Michigan State University

H. Kolanoski

Humboldt University of Berlin

T. Kontrimas

Technical University of Munich

L. Köpke

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

C. Kopper

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

D.J. Koskinen

Niels Bohr Institute

P. Koundal

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

M. Kovacevich

Drexel University

M. Kowalski

Humboldt University of Berlin

T. Kozynets

Niels Bohr Institute

C.B. Krauss

University of Alberta

I. Kravchenko

University of Nebraska - Lincoln

J. Krishnamoorthi

University of Wisconsin Madison

E. Krupczak

Michigan State University

A. Kumar

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

Emma Kun

Ruhr-Universität Bochum

N. Kurahashi

Drexel University

N. Lad

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

C. Lagunas Gualda

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

M.J. Larson

University of Maryland

S. Latseva

RWTH Aachen University

F. Lauber

Bergische Universität Wuppertal

J.P. Lazar

Harvard University

J.W. Lee

Sungkyunkwan University

K. Leonard Deholton

Eberly College of Science

A. Leszczyńska

University of Delaware

M. Lincetto

Ruhr-Universität Bochum

Q.R. Liu

University of Wisconsin Madison

M. Liubarska

University of Alberta

M. Lohan

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

E. Lohfink

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

J. LoSecco

University of Notre Dame

C. Love

Drexel University

C.J. Lozano Mariscal

University of Münster

L. Lu

University of Wisconsin Madison

F. Lucarelli

University of Geneva

Y. Lyu

University of California

J. Madsen

University of Wisconsin Madison

K.B.M. Mahn

Michigan State University

Y. Makino

University of Wisconsin Madison

S. Mancina

University of Wisconsin Madison

S. Mandalia

Queen Mary University of London

W. Marie Sainte

University of Wisconsin Madison

I.C. Mariş

Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

S. Marka

Columbia University

Z. Marka

Columbia University

M. Marsee

University of Alabama

I. Martinez-Soler

Harvard University

R. Maruyama

Yale University

F. Mayhew

Michigan State University

T. McElroy

University of Alberta

F. McNally

Mercer University

J.V. Mead

Niels Bohr Institute

K. Meagher

University of Wisconsin Madison

S. Mechbal

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

A. Medina

Ohio State University

M. Meier

Chiba University

Y. Merckx

Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

L. Merten

Ruhr-Universität Bochum

Z. Meyers

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

J. Micallef

Michigan State University

M. Mikhailova

University of Kansas

J. Mitchell

Southern University and A&M College

T. Montaruli

University of Geneva

R. W. Moore

University of Alberta

Y. Morii

Chiba University

R. Morse

University of Wisconsin Madison

M. Moulai

University of Wisconsin Madison

T. Mukherjee

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

R. Naab

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

R. Nagai

Chiba University

M. Nakos

University of Wisconsin Madison

A. Narayan

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

U. Naumann

Bergische Universität Wuppertal

J. Necker

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

A. Negi

University of Texas at Arlington

A. Nelles

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

M. Neumann

University of Münster

H. Niederhausen

Michigan State University

M.U. Nisa

Michigan State University

A. Noell

RWTH Aachen University

A. Novikov

University of Delaware

S.C. Nowicki

Michigan State University

A. Nozdrina

University of Kansas

E. Oberla

The Enrico Fermi Institute

A. Obertacke Pollmann

Chiba University

V. O'Dell

University of Wisconsin Madison

M. Oehler

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

B. Oeyen

Ghent university

A. Olivas

University of Maryland

R. Orsoe

Technical University of Munich

J. Osborn

University of Wisconsin Madison

E. O'Sullivan

Uppsala University

L. Papp

Technical University of Munich

N. Park

Queen's University

G.K. Parker

University of Texas at Arlington

E.N. Paudel

University of Delaware

L. Paul

Marquette University

C. Pérez de los Heros

Uppsala University

T.C. Petersen

Niels Bohr Institute

J. Peterson

University of Wisconsin Madison

S. Philippen

RWTH Aachen University

S. Pieper

Bergische Universität Wuppertal

J.L. Pinfold

University of Alberta

A. Pizzuto

University of Wisconsin Madison

I. Plaisier

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

M. Plum

South Dakota School of Mines & Technology

A. Pontén

Uppsala University

Y. Popovych

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

M. Prado Rodriguez

University of Wisconsin Madison

B. Pries

Michigan State University

R. Procter-Murphy

University of Maryland

G.T. Przybylski

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

L. Pyras

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

J. Rack-Helleis

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

M. Rameez

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

K. Rawlins

University of Alaska Anchorage

Z. Rechav

University of Wisconsin Madison

A. Rehman

University of Delaware

P. Reichherzer

Ruhr-Universität Bochum

G. Renzi

Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

E. Resconi

Technical University of Munich

S. Reusch

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

W. Rhode

Technische Universität Dortmund

B. Riedel

University of Wisconsin Madison

M. Riegel

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

A. Rifaie

RWTH Aachen University

E.J. Roberts

University of Adelaide

S. Robertson

University of California

S. Rodan

Sungkyunkwan University

G. Roellinghoff

Sungkyunkwan University

M. Rongen

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

C. Rott

University of Utah

T. Ruhe

Technische Universität Dortmund

D. Ryckbosch

Ghent university

I. Safa

Harvard University

J. Saffer

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

D. Salazar-Gallegos

Michigan State University

P. Sampathkumar

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

S.E. Sanchez Herrera

Michigan State University

A. Sandrock

Bergische Universität Wuppertal

P. Sandstrom

University of Wisconsin Madison

M. Santander

University of Alabama

S. Sarkar

University of Alberta

S. Sarkar

University of Oxford

J. Savelberg

RWTH Aachen University

P. Savina

University of Wisconsin Madison

M. Schaufel

RWTH Aachen University

H. Schieler

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

S. Schindler

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

L. Schlickmann

RWTH Aachen University

B. Schlüter

University of Münster

F. Schlüter

Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

N. Schmeisser

Bergische Universität Wuppertal

T. Schmidt

University of Maryland

J. Schneider

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

F.G. Schröder

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

L. Schumacher

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

G. Schwefer

RWTH Aachen University

S. Sclafani

University of Maryland

D. Seckel

University of Delaware

M. Seikh

University of Kansas

S. Seunarine

University of Wisconsin

M.H. Shaevitz

Columbia University

R. Shah

Drexel University

A. Sharma

Uppsala University

S. Shefali

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

N. Shimizu

Chiba University

M. Silva

University of Wisconsin Madison

B. Skrzypek

Harvard University

D. Smith

University of Chicago

B. Smithers

University of Texas at Arlington

R. Snihur

University of Wisconsin Madison

J. Soedingrekso

Technische Universität Dortmund

A. Søgaard

Niels Bohr Institute

D. Soldin

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

P. Soldin

RWTH Aachen University

G. Sommani

Ruhr-Universität Bochum

D. Southall

University of Chicago

C. Spannfellner

Technical University of Munich

G.M. Spiczak

University of Wisconsin

C. Spiering

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

M. Stamatikos

Ohio State University

T. Stanev

University of Delaware

T. Stezelberger

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

J. Stoffels

Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

T. Stürwald

Bergische Universität Wuppertal

T. Stuttard

Niels Bohr Institute

G.W. Sullivan

University of Maryland

I. Taboada

Georgia Institute of Technology

A. Taketa

University of Tokyo

H.K.M. Tanaka

University of Tokyo

S. Ter-Antonyan

Southern University and A&M College

M. Thiesmeyer

RWTH Aachen University

W.G. Thompson

Harvard University

J. Thwaites

University of Wisconsin Madison

S. Tilav

University of Delaware

K. Tollefson

Michigan State University

C. Tönnis

Sungkyunkwan University

J. Torres

Ohio State University

S. Toscano

Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

D. Tosi

University of Wisconsin Madison

A. Trettin

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

Y. Tsunesada

Osaka Metropolitan University

C.F. Tung

Georgia Institute of Technology

R. Turcotte

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

J.P. Twagirayezu

Michigan State University

B. Ty

University of Wisconsin Madison

M.A. Unland Elorrieta

University of Münster

A.K. Upadhyay

University of Wisconsin Madison

K. Upshaw

Southern University and A&M College

N. Valtonen-Mattila

Uppsala University

J. Vandenbroucke

University of Wisconsin Madison

N. Van Eijndhoven

Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

D. Vannerom

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

J. Van Santen

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

J. Vara

University of Münster

D. Veberic

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

J. Veitch-Michaelis

University of Wisconsin Madison

M. Venugopal

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

S. Verpoest

University of Delaware

A. Vieregg

University of Chicago

A. Vijai

University of Maryland

C. Walck

Oskar Klein Centre

C. Weaver

Michigan State University

P. Weigel

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

A. Weindl

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

J. Weldert

Eberly College of Science

C. Welling

University of Chicago

C. Wendt

University of Wisconsin Madison

J. Werthebach

Technische Universität Dortmund

M. Weyrauch

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

Nathan Whitehorn

Michigan State University

C.H. Wiebusch

RWTH Aachen University

N. Willey

Michigan State University

D.R. Williams

University of Alabama

S. Wissel

Pennsylvania State University

L. Witthaus

Technische Universität Dortmund

A. Wolf

RWTH Aachen University

M. Wolf

Technical University of Munich

G. Wörner

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

G. Wrede

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)

S. Wren

University of Manchester

X.W. Xu

Southern University and A&M College

J.P. Yanez

University of Alberta

E. Yildizci

University of Wisconsin Madison

S. Yoshida

Chiba University

R. Young

University of Kansas

F. Yu

Harvard University

S. Yu

Michigan State University

T. Yuan

University of Wisconsin Madison

Z. Zhang

Stony Brook University

P. Zhelnin

Harvard University

S. Zierke

RWTH Aachen University

M. Zimmerman

University of Wisconsin Madison

Proceedings of Science

18248039 (eISSN)

Vol. 444 1045

38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023
Nagoya, Japan,

Subject Categories (SSIF 2025)

Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Cosmology

Subatomic Physics

More information

Latest update

5/16/2025