The novel Mechanical Ventilator Milano for the COVID-19 pandemic

A. Abba; C. Accorsi; P. Agnes; E. Alessi; P. Amaudruz; A. Annovi; F. Ardellier Desages; S. Back; C. Badia; J. Bagger; V. Basile; G. Batignani; A. Bayo; B. Bell; M. Beschi; D. Biagini; G. Bianchi; S. Bicelli; D. Bishop; T. Boccali; A. Bombarda; S. Bonfanti; W.M. Bonivento; M. Bouchard; M. Breviario; S. Brice; R. Brown; J.M. Calvo-Mozota; L. Camozzi; M. Camozzi; A. Capra; M. Caravati; M. Carlini; A. Ceccanti; B. Celano; J.M. Cela Ruiz; C. Charette; G. Cogliati; M. Constable; C. Crippa; G. Croci; S. Cudmore; Carl Eric Dahl; A. Dal Molin; M. Daley; C. Di Guardo; G. D'Avenio; O. Davignon; M. Del Tutto; J. De Ruiter; A. Devoto; P. Diaz Gomez Maqueo; F. Di Francesco; M. Dossi; E. Druszkiewicz; C. Duma; E. Elliott; D. Farina; C. Fernandes; F. Ferroni; G. Finocchiaro; G. Fiorillo; R. Ford; G. Foti; R.D. Fournier; D. Franco; C. Fricbergs; F. Gabriele; C. Galbiati; P. Garcia Abia; A. Gargantini; L. Giacomelli; F. Giacomini; S. Giarratana; S. Gillespie; D. Giorgi; T. Girma; R. Gobui; D. Goeldi; F. Golf; P. Gorel; G. Gorini; E. Gramellini; G. Grosso; F. Guescini; E. Guetre; G. Hackman; T. Hadden; W. Hawkins; K. Hayashi; A. Heavey; G. Hersak; N. Hessey; G. Hockin; K. Hudson; A. Ianni; C. Ienzi; V. Ippolito; Christopher C. James; C. Jillings; C. Kendziora; S. Khan; E. Kim; M. King; S. King; A. Kittmer; I. Kochanek; J. Kowalkowski; R. Krucken; M. Kushoro; S. Kuula; M. Laclaustra; G. Leblond; Laurence W. Lee; A. Lennarz; M. Leyton; X Li; P. Liimatainen; C. Lim; T. Lindner; T. Lomonaco; P. Lu; R. Lubna; G.A. Lukhanin; G. Luzón; M. Macdonald; G. Magni; R. Maharaj; S. Manni; C. Mapelli; P. Margetak; Lars Martin; S. Martin; Maria L. Martínez; N. Massacret; P. McClurg; A.B. McDonald; E. Meazzi; R. Migalla; T. Mohayai; L.M. Tosatti; G. Monzani; C. Moretti; B. Morrison; M. Mountaniol; A. Muraro; P. Napoli; F. Nati; C.R. Natzke; A.J. Noble; A. Norrick; K. Olchanski; A. Ortiz De Solorzano; F. Padula; M. Pallavicini; I. Palumbo; E. Panontin; N. Papini; L. Parmeggiano; S. Parmeggiano; K. Patel; A. Patel; M. Paterno; C. Pellegrino; Patrizio Pelliccione; V. Pesudo; A. Pocar; A. Pope; S. Pordes; F. Prelz; O. Putignano; J.L. Raaf; C. Ratti; M. Razeti; A. Razeto; D. Reed; J. Refsgaard; T. Reilly; A. Renshaw; F. Retriere; E. Riccobene; D. Rigamonti; A. Rizzi; J. Rode; J. Romualdez; L. Russel; D. Sablone; S. Sala; D. Salomoni; P. Salvo; A. Sandoval; E. Sansoucy; R. Santorelli; C. Savarese; E. Scapparone; T. Schaubel; S. Scorza; M. Settimo; B. Shaw; S. Shawyer; A. Sher; A. Shi; P. Skensved; A. Slutsky; B. Smith; Nigel J.T. Smith; A. Stenzler; C. Straubel; P. Stringari; M. Suchenek; B. Sur; S. Tacchino; L. Takeuchi; M Tardocchi; R. Tartaglia; E. Thomas; D. Trask; J. Tseng; L. Tseng; L. Vanpagee; V. Vedia; B. Velghe; S. Viel; A. Visioli; L. Viviani; D. Vonica; M. Wada; D. Walter; H. Wang; M. H.L.S. Wang; S. Westerdale; D. Wood; D. Yates; S. Yue; V. Zambrano

doi:10.1063/5.0044445

The novel Mechanical Ventilator Milano for the COVID-19 pandemic
Journal article, 2021

This paper presents the Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM), a novel intensive therapy mechanical ventilator designed for rapid, large-scale, low-cost production for the COVID-19 pandemic. Free of moving mechanical parts and requiring only a source of compressed oxygen and medical air to operate, the MVM is designed to support the long-term invasive ventilation often required for COVID-19 patients and operates in pressure-regulated ventilation modes, which minimize the risk of furthering lung trauma. The MVM was extensively tested against ISO standards in the laboratory using a breathing simulator, with good agreement between input and measured breathing parameters and performing correctly in response to fault conditions and stability tests. The MVM has obtained Emergency Use Authorization by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic and Health Canada Medical Device Authorization for Importation or Sale, under Interim Order for Use in Relation to COVID-19. Following these certifications, mass production is ongoing and distribution is under way in several countries. The MVM was designed, tested, prepared for certification, and mass produced in the space of a few months by a unique collaboration of respiratory healthcare professionals and experimental physicists, working with industrial partners, and is an excellent ventilator candidate for this pandemic anywhere in the world.

Author

A. Abba

Nuclear Instruments

C. Accorsi

Elemaster Group

P. Agnes

University of Houston

E. Alessi

National Research Council of Italy (CNR)

P. Amaudruz

TRIUMF

A. Annovi

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

F. Ardellier Desages

Paris Cité University

S. Back

SNOLAB

C. Badia

Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI)

J. Bagger

TRIUMF

V. Basile

National Research Council of Italy (CNR)

G. Batignani

University of Pisa

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

A. Bayo

Canfranc Underground Laboratory

B. Bell

JMP Solutions

M. Beschi

National Research Council of Italy (CNR)

University of Brescia

D. Biagini

University of Pisa

G. Bianchi

National Research Council of Italy (CNR)

S. Bicelli

Camozzi Group S.p.A.

D. Bishop

TRIUMF

T. Boccali

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

A. Bombarda

University of Bergamo

S. Bonfanti

University of Bergamo

W.M. Bonivento

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

M. Bouchard

Laboratoires Nucleaires Canadiens

M. Breviario

Elemaster Group

S. Brice

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

R. Brown

Laboratoires Nucleaires Canadiens

J.M. Calvo-Mozota

Canfranc Underground Laboratory

L. Camozzi

Camozzi Group S.p.A.

M. Camozzi

Camozzi Group S.p.A.

A. Capra

TRIUMF

M. Caravati

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

M. Carlini

Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI)

A. Ceccanti

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

B. Celano

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

J.M. Cela Ruiz

Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (Ciemat)

C. Charette

Laboratoires Nucleaires Canadiens

G. Cogliati

Elemaster Group

M. Constable

TRIUMF

C. Crippa

Elemaster S.p.A.

G. Croci

University of Milano-Bicocca

S. Cudmore

Laboratoires Nucleaires Canadiens

Carl Eric Dahl

Northwestern University

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

A. Dal Molin

University of Milano-Bicocca

M. Daley

Laboratoires Nucleaires Canadiens

C. Di Guardo

University of Cagliari

G. D'Avenio

Istituto Superiore Di Sanita

O. Davignon

École polytechnique

M. Del Tutto

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

J. De Ruiter

Laboratoires Nucleaires Canadiens

A. Devoto

University of Cagliari

P. Diaz Gomez Maqueo

Laboratoires Nucleaires Canadiens

F. Di Francesco

University of Pisa

M. Dossi

Elemaster S.p.A.

E. Druszkiewicz

University of Rochester

C. Duma

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

E. Elliott

Laboratoires Nucleaires Canadiens

D. Farina

National Research Council of Italy (CNR)

C. Fernandes

VEXOS

F. Ferroni

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI)

G. Finocchiaro

Elemaster S.p.A.

G. Fiorillo

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

University of Naples Federico II

R. Ford

SNOLAB

G. Foti

Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo

University of Milano-Bicocca

R.D. Fournier

Exida Canada Ltd.

D. Franco

Paris Cité University

C. Fricbergs

VEXOS

F. Gabriele

Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso

C. Galbiati

Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI)

Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso

Princeton University

P. Garcia Abia

Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (Ciemat)

A. Gargantini

University of Bergamo

L. Giacomelli

National Research Council of Italy (CNR)

F. Giacomini

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

Camozzi Group S.p.A.

S. Giarratana

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

Camozzi Group S.p.A.

S. Gillespie

Policlinico San Pietro

D. Giorgi

TRIUMF

T. Girma

Camozzi Group S.p.A.

R. Gobui

VEXOS

D. Goeldi

VEXOS

F. Golf

Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Research Institute

Carleton University

P. Gorel

University of Nebraska - Lincoln

G. Gorini

SNOLAB

E. Gramellini

University of Milano-Bicocca

G. Grosso

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

F. Guescini

National Research Council of Italy (CNR)

E. Guetre

Max Planck Society

G. Hackman

TRIUMF

T. Hadden

TRIUMF

W. Hawkins

Laboratoires Nucleaires Canadiens

K. Hayashi

VEXOS

A. Heavey

TRIUMF

G. Hersak

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

N. Hessey

Laboratoires Nucleaires Canadiens

G. Hockin

TRIUMF

K. Hudson

JMP Solutions

A. Ianni

VEXOS

C. Ienzi

Princeton University

V. Ippolito

Laboratoires Nucleaires Canadiens

Christopher C. James

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

C. Jillings

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

C. Kendziora

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

S. Khan

VEXOS

E. Kim

Canadian Nucl Labs

M. King

Canadian Nucl Labs

S. King

JMP Solutions

A. Kittmer

Canadian Nucl Labs

I. Kochanek

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

J. Kowalkowski

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

R. Krucken

TRIUMF

University of British Columbia (UBC)

M. Kushoro

University of Milano-Bicocca

S. Kuula

SNOLAB

M. Laclaustra

Fundación ARAID

University of Zaragoza

G. Leblond

Canadian Nucl Labs

Laurence W. Lee

University of British Columbia (UBC)

A. Lennarz

TRIUMF

M. Leyton

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

X Li

Princeton University

P. Liimatainen

SNOLAB

C. Lim

TRIUMF

T. Lindner

TRIUMF

T. Lomonaco

University of Pisa

P. Lu

TRIUMF

R. Lubna

TRIUMF

G.A. Lukhanin

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

G. Luzón

University of Zaragoza

M. Macdonald

Canadian Nucl Labs

G. Magni

Elemaster S.p.A.

R. Maharaj

TRIUMF

S. Manni

TRIUMF

C. Mapelli

Polytechnic University of Milan

P. Margetak

TRIUMF

Lars Martin

TRIUMF

S. Martin

VEXOS

Maria L. Martínez

University of Zaragoza

N. Massacret

TRIUMF

P. McClurg

Vanier College

A.B. McDonald

Queen's University

Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Research Institute

E. Meazzi

Elemaster S.p.A.

R. Migalla

VEXOS

T. Mohayai

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

L.M. Tosatti

National Research Council of Italy (CNR)

G. Monzani

Elemaster S.p.A.

C. Moretti

Sapienza University of Rome

B. Morrison

VEXOS

M. Mountaniol

VEXOS

A. Muraro

National Research Council of Italy (CNR)

P. Napoli

Elemaster S.p.A.

F. Nati

University of Milano-Bicocca

C.R. Natzke

TRIUMF

A.J. Noble

Queen's University

Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Research Institute

A. Norrick

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

K. Olchanski

TRIUMF

A. Ortiz De Solorzano

University of Zaragoza

F. Padula

Curtin University

M. Pallavicini

University of Genoa

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

I. Palumbo

Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo

E. Panontin

University of Milano-Bicocca

N. Papini

Elemaster S.p.A.

L. Parmeggiano

Sergio Installazioni Snc

S. Parmeggiano

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

K. Patel

VEXOS

A. Patel

VEXOS

M. Paterno

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

C. Pellegrino

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

Patrizio Pelliccione

University of Gothenburg

Software Engineering 1

Other publications Research

V. Pesudo

Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (Ciemat)

Canfranc Underground Laboratory

A. Pocar

University of Massachusetts

A. Pope

JMP Solutions

S. Pordes

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

F. Prelz

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

O. Putignano

University of Milano-Bicocca

J.L. Raaf

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

C. Ratti

Elemaster S.p.A.

M. Razeti

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

A. Razeto

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

D. Reed

Equilibar

J. Refsgaard

TRIUMF

T. Reilly

VEXOS

A. Renshaw

University of Houston

F. Retriere

TRIUMF

E. Riccobene

University of Milan

D. Rigamonti

National Research Council of Italy (CNR)

A. Rizzi

University of Pisa

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

J. Rode

Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)

APC - AstroParticule et Cosmologie

J. Romualdez

Princeton University

L. Russel

JMP Solutions

D. Sablone

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

S. Sala

Elemaster S.p.A.

D. Salomoni

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

P. Salvo

National Research Council of Italy (CNR)

A. Sandoval

VEXOS

E. Sansoucy

Canadian Nucl Labs

R. Santorelli

Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (Ciemat)

C. Savarese

Princeton University

E. Scapparone

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

T. Schaubel

Canadian Nucl Labs

S. Scorza

SNOLAB

M. Settimo

Nantes University

B. Shaw

TRIUMF

S. Shawyer

JMP Solutions

A. Sher

TRIUMF

A. Shi

Canadian Nucl Labs

P. Skensved

Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Research Institute

Queen's University

A. Slutsky

Unity Health Toronto

B. Smith

TRIUMF

Nigel J.T. Smith

TRIUMF

A. Stenzler

12th Man Technologies

C. Straubel

Canadian Nucl Labs

P. Stringari

Université Paris PSL

M. Suchenek

Polish Academy of Sciences

B. Sur

Canadian Nucl Labs

S. Tacchino

SNOLAB

L. Takeuchi

University of British Columbia (UBC)

M Tardocchi

National Research Council of Italy (CNR)

R. Tartaglia

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

E. Thomas

Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Research Institute

D. Trask

Canadian Nucl Labs

J. Tseng

University of Oxford

L. Tseng

VEXOS

L. Vanpagee

JMP Solutions

V. Vedia

TRIUMF

B. Velghe

TRIUMF

S. Viel

Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Research Institute

Carleton University

A. Visioli

University of Brescia

L. Viviani

Elemaster S.p.A.

D. Vonica

VEXOS

M. Wada

Polish Academy of Sciences

D. Walter

TRIUMF

H. Wang

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

M. H.L.S. Wang

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

S. Westerdale

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

D. Wood

Canadian Nucl Labs

D. Yates

TRIUMF

S. Yue

Canadian Nucl Labs

V. Zambrano

University of Zaragoza

Physics of Fluids

1070-6631 (ISSN) 1089-7666 (eISSN)

Vol. 33 3 037122

Subject Categories (SSIF 2025)

Anesthesiology and Intensive Care

Respiratory Medicine and Allergy

DOI

10.1063/5.0044445

Publication data connected to DOI

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Latest update

6/30/2025

The novel Mechanical Ventilator Milano for the COVID-19 pandemic Journal article, 2021

Author

A. Abba

C. Accorsi

P. Agnes

E. Alessi

P. Amaudruz

A. Annovi

F. Ardellier Desages

S. Back

C. Badia

J. Bagger

V. Basile

G. Batignani

A. Bayo

B. Bell

M. Beschi

D. Biagini

G. Bianchi

S. Bicelli

D. Bishop

T. Boccali

A. Bombarda

S. Bonfanti

W.M. Bonivento

M. Bouchard

M. Breviario

S. Brice

R. Brown

J.M. Calvo-Mozota

L. Camozzi

M. Camozzi

A. Capra

M. Caravati

M. Carlini

A. Ceccanti

B. Celano

J.M. Cela Ruiz

C. Charette

G. Cogliati

M. Constable

C. Crippa

G. Croci

S. Cudmore

Carl Eric Dahl

A. Dal Molin

M. Daley

C. Di Guardo

G. D'Avenio

O. Davignon

M. Del Tutto

J. De Ruiter

A. Devoto

P. Diaz Gomez Maqueo

F. Di Francesco

M. Dossi

E. Druszkiewicz

C. Duma

E. Elliott

D. Farina

C. Fernandes

F. Ferroni

G. Finocchiaro

G. Fiorillo

R. Ford

G. Foti

R.D. Fournier

D. Franco

C. Fricbergs

F. Gabriele

C. Galbiati

P. Garcia Abia

A. Gargantini

L. Giacomelli

F. Giacomini

S. Giarratana

S. Gillespie

D. Giorgi

T. Girma

R. Gobui

The novel Mechanical Ventilator Milano for the COVID-19 pandemic
Journal article, 2021