Advances in discrete element modeling of rock fracture for next-generation comminution models

Review article, 2025

This paper provides a methodological overview of the current state of the art in discrete element modeling of rock fracture in the context of comminution, an energy-intensive process of breaking down rocks into smaller sizes. This process is essential for liberating valuable metals and minerals that are in growing demand for the green transition and the electrification of society. The paper covers the most recent developments and addresses fundamental issues in the bonded discrete element method, the lattice element method, the particle replacement method, and the level-set discrete element method. We argue that the most effective modeling approach must emerge from a synergy between solid mechanics, rock mechanics, and the comminution field—an effort made by this collaborating multidisciplinary group, with the goal of making the next generation of comminution models, powered by GPU-accelerated high-performance computing, more reflective of real-life rock behavior, advancing energy-efficient mining.