High-Pressure Injection Molding of Isotactic Polypropylene and Its Nanocomposite with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: Enhancing Mechanical Properties Through γ-Form Crystallization

Journal article, 2025

Isotactic polypropylene (iPP), solidified under high-pressure in the orthorhombic γ-form, can exhibit enhanced mechanical properties compared to iPP crystallized in the common monoclinic α-form under atmospheric pressure. The aim of the study was to enhance the mechanical performance of injection-molded iPP and its nanocomposite containing 5 wt% of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) through high-pressure processing, which induced the formation of the γ-phase. Initially, the materials were crystallized in a high-pressure cell. To simulate the conditions during molding, crystallization was carried out by pressurizing the molten polymer to 250 MPa. For comparison, crystallization was also performed during cooling under 200 MPa and 1.4 MPa. Subsequently, the injection molding was conducted under optimized conditions, under pressure of 250 MPa, to promote the formation of the γ-phase, and, for comparison, under 20 MPa, to favor the α-phase formation. The injection-molded nanocomposite crystallized in the γ-form, tested in compression, exhibited an elastic modulus, yield stress, and stress at break higher by approx. 50%, 35% and 40–50%, respectively, compared to injection-molded neat iPP solidified predominantly in the α-form. These results demonstrate that substantial improvements in mechanical performance can be achieved through the incorporation of MWCNTs into iPP and the optimization of high-pressure injection-molding conditions.