Global tuning of hadronic interaction models with accelerator-based and astroparticle data
Review article, 2025
In high-energy and astroparticle physics, event generators have an essential role, even in the simplest data analyses. Physical processes occurring in hadronic collisions are simulated within a Monte Carlo framework but a major challenge remains modelling of hadron dynamics at low momentum transfer, which includes the initial and final phases of every hadronic collision. Phenomenological models inspired by quantum chromodynamics used for these phases cannot guarantee completeness or correctness over the full phase space. These models usually include parameters which must be tuned to suitable experimental data. Until now, event generators have primarily been developed and tuned based on data from high-energy physics experiments at accelerators. However, in many cases, they have been found to not satisfactorily describe data from astroparticle experiments, which provide sensitivity especially to hadrons produced nearly parallel to the collision axis and cover centre-of-mass energies up to several hundred tera-electronvolts, well beyond those reached at colliders so far. Here, we address the complementarity of these two sets of data and present a roadmap for a unified tuning of event generators with accelerator-based and astroparticle data.
Author
Johannes Albrecht
Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
Technische Universität Dortmund
RAPP Center
Julia Tjus
RAPP Center
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
N. Behling
Technische Universität Dortmund
J. Blazek
Czech Academy of Sciences
M. Bleicher
Goethe University Frankfurt
J. Boelhauve
Technische Universität Dortmund
L. Cazon
Universidade de Santiagode Compostela
R. Conceição
Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics
Instituto Superior Tecnico
H. Dembinski
Technische Universität Dortmund
RAPP Center
L. Dietrich
Technische Universität Dortmund
J. Ebr
Czech Academy of Sciences
J. Ellbracht
Technische Universität Dortmund
R. Engel
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
A. Fedynitch
Academia Sinica
M. Fieg
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
M. V. Garzelli
University of Hamburg
C. Gaudu
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
G. Graziani
INFN Sezione di Firenze
P. Gutjahr
Technische Universität Dortmund
A. Haungs
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
T. Huege
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
K. Hymon
Technische Universität Dortmund
M. Hünnefeld
Technische Universität Dortmund
Karl Heinz Kampert
RAPP Center
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
L. Kardum
Technische Universität Dortmund
L. Kolk
Technische Universität Dortmund
N. Korneeva
Monash University
Kevin Kröninger
Technische Universität Dortmund
RAPP Center
A. Maire
Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien
H. Menjo
Nagoya University
Leonel Morejon
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
S. Ostapchenko
University of Hamburg
P. Paakkinen
Helsinki Institute of Physics
University of Jyväskylä
T. Pierog
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
P. Plotko
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
A. Prosekin
Academia Sinica
L. Pyras
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
University of Utah
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
T. Pöschl
CERN
J. Rautenberg
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
M. Reininghaus
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
W. Rhode
RAPP Center
Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
Technische Universität Dortmund
Felix Riehn
RAPP Center
Technische Universität Dortmund
Markus Roth
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
A. Sandrock
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
I. Sarcevic
University of Arizona
M. Schmelling
Max Planck Society
G. Sigl
University of Hamburg
T. Sjöstrand
Lund University
D. Soldin
University of Utah
M. Unger
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
M. Utheim
University of Jyväskylä
J. Vícha
Czech Academy of Sciences
K. Werner
Nantes University
M. E. Windau
Technische Universität Dortmund
V. Zhukov
RWTH Aachen University
Nature Reviews Physics
25225820 (eISSN)
Vol. In PressSubject Categories (SSIF 2025)
Subatomic Physics
DOI
10.1038/s42254-025-00897-3