Jet reorientation revealed by intermittent jet activity in radio galaxy 0954+556

Journal article, 2026

Context. Intermittent jet activity of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is a common phenomenon, whereas significant jet reorientation during episodic jet activity in relatively young radio galaxies is rarely reported. The quasar 0954+556 at z = 0.903 is an intriguing source exhibiting an unusual radio jet structure with significantly different jet directions at kiloparsec (kpc) and parsec (pc) scales. At kpc scales, images from the Very Large Array (VLA) exhibit a bright core, a linear jet extending ∼24 kpc to the northwest, and a discrete jet component ∼16 kpc to the northeast. At pc scales, images from the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) show a two-component structure with a projected separation of ∼360 pc in the north–south direction. Aims. The peculiar structure of 0954+556 might result from jet reorientation. Here, our aim was to investigate the possible mechanism via multiscale and multifrequency deep radio images. Methods. We performed VLA and VLBA observations of 0954+556. Together with some existing data in the NRAO data archive, we made multiple VLA images at 1.4–22 GHz and VLBA images at 1.7–43 GHz for various image analyses of the jet structure. Results. We identified the location of the radio core at pc scales, detected the faint counter-jets at both pc and kpc scales for the first time, and revealed a diffuse emission region connecting pc- and kpc-scale forward jets. Our spectral index distribution and spectral aging analysis indicate that 0954+556 might undergo at least two episodes of jet activity during the current AGN phase. Moreover, pc-scale polarization maps display a well-resolved spine-sheath polarization structure. Conclusions. It seems that the jet direction of 0954+556 changed significantly during intermittent jet activity. This may explain the different jet orientations and spectral ages observed from kpc to pc scales. The research provides a strong case that AGN jet direction might change rapidly on timescales of one million years.