Maintenance 5.0 – A Literature and XR Experiment Review on Cognitive Load Regarding Logistics and Supply Chain Implications

Book chapter, 2026

The Industry 5.0 paradigm places human-centricity at the core of operations and supply chain design, yet its application to industrial maintenance remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by combining a systematic literature review with a conceptual experimental framework to advance understanding of extended reality (XR) technologies in maintenance. Following a reduced approach derived from PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we analyze 92 peer-reviewed studies to map XR adoption trends, technology distributions, application domains, and industry sectors. The review reveals critical gaps, including the lack of longitudinal training evaluations, insufficient user-specific performance analyses, and limited integration between XR-enabled maintenance and supply chain performance metrics. To address these gaps, we propose two experimental designs: (1) assessing cognitive load and performance under varying augmented reality (AR) interface complexities in guided maintenance; and (2) evaluating short- and long-term learning outcomes of Virtual Reality (VR)-based training using biosensor feedback. By explicitly linking these designs to identified literature gaps, this paper delivers a research roadmap for human-centric, XR-enabled maintenance that supports operational resilience, safety, and supply chain sustainability.