Power-Response Matrix Framework: Intuitive Frequency-Domain Analysis of an Offshore Wind Farm

Paper in proceeding, 2026

The increasing use of power electronic converters (PECs) in modern power systems necessitates effective methods for analyzing small-signal behavior of multi-converter systems. Traditional approaches such as state-space models and impedance-based analysis face challenges: detailed white-box models are often unavailable, and dq-domain impedances lack physical interpretability. This paper employs the recently proposed Power-Response Matrix (PRM) concept, which characterizes the small-signal response of active and reactive power to voltage magnitude and frequency variations. The PRM provides a physically intuitive basis for small-signal analysis, particularly for understanding interactions between subsystems. Building on this concept, an intuitive frequency-domain analysis framework is developed and demonstrated using an offshore wind farm case study. The approach compares the impact of grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) control strategies on resonant modes of the system. Results show that the PRM framework enhances the transparency and understanding of dynamic behavior in converter-dominated power systems.