Super-Resolution Genome Mapping in Silicon Nanochannels
Journal article, 2016

Optical genome mapping in nanochannels is a powerful genetic analysis method, complementary to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing. The method is based on detecting a pattern of fluorescent labels attached along individual DNA molecules. When such molecules are extended in nanochannels, the labels create a fluorescent genetic barcode that is used for mapping the DNA molecule to its genomic locus and identifying large-scale variation from the genome reference. Mapping resolution is currently limited by two main factors: the optical diffraction limit and the thermal fluctuations of DNA molecules suspended in the nanochannels. Here, we utilize single-molecule tracking and super-resolution localization in order to improve the mapping accuracy and resolving power of this genome mapping technique and achieve a 15-fold increase in resolving power compared to currently practiced methods. We took advantage of a naturally occurring genetic repeat array and labeled each repeat with custom-designed Trolox conjugated fluorophores for enhanced photostability. This model system allowed us to acquire extremely long image sequences of the equally spaced fluorescent markers along DNA molecules, enabling detailed characterization of nanoconfined DNA dynamics and quantitative comparison to the Odijk theory for confined polymer chains. We present a simple method to overcome the thermal fluctuations in the nanochannels and exploit single-step photobleaching to resolve subdiffraction spaced fluorescent markers along fluctuating DNA molecules with similar to 100 bp resolution. In addition, we show how time-averaging over just similar to 50 frames of 40 ms enhances mapping accuracy, improves mapping P-value scores by 3 orders of magnitude compared to nonaveraged alignment, and provides a significant advantage for analyzing structural variations between DNA molecules with similar sequence composition.

super-resolution

optical genome mapping

nanochannels

single-molecule

DNA labeling

confined polymers

Author

J. Jeffet

Tel Aviv University

A. Kobo

Tel Aviv University

T. X. Su

Harvard University

A. Grunwald

Tel Aviv University

O. Green

Tel Aviv University

A. Nilsson

Lund University

E. Eisenberg

Tel Aviv University

T. Ambjornsson

Lund University

Fredrik Westerlund

Chalmers, Biology and Biological Engineering, Chemical Biology

E. Weinhold

RWTH Aachen University

D. Shabat

Tel Aviv University

P. K. Purohit

University of Pennsylvania

Y. Ebenstein

Tel Aviv University

ACS Nano

1936-0851 (ISSN) 1936-086X (eISSN)

Vol. 10 11 9823-9830

Subject Categories

Nano Technology

DOI

10.1021/acsnano.6b05398

More information

Latest update

3/27/2018