Benchmarking of graphene-based materials: Real commercial products versus ideal graphene
Journal article, 2019

There are tens of industrial producers claiming to sell graphene and related materials (GRM), mostly as solid powders. Recently the quality of commercial GRM has been questioned, and procedures for GRM quality control were suggested using Raman Spectroscopy or Atomic Force Microscopy. Such techniques require dissolving the sample in solvents, possibly introducing artefacts. A more pragmatic approach is needed, based on fast measurements and not requiring any assumption on GRM solubility. To this aim, we report here an overview of the properties of commercial GRM produced by selected companies in Europe, USA and Asia. We benchmark: (A) size, (B) exfoliation grade and (C) oxidation grade of each GRM versus the ones of 'ideal' graphene and, most importantly, versus what reported by the producer. In contrast to previous works, we report explicitly the names of the GRM producers and we do not re-dissolve the GRM in solvents, but only use techniques compatible with industrial powder metrology. A general common trend is observed: Products having low defectivity (%sp 2 bonds >95%) feature low surface area (<200 m 2 g -1 ), while highly exfoliated GRM show a lower sp 2 content, demonstrating that it is still challenging to exfoliate GRM at industrial level without adding defects.

Author

Alessandro Kovtun

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

E. Treossi

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

Nicola Mirotta

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

A. Scidà

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

A. Liscio

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

Meganne Christian

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

Filippo Valorosi

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

Alex Boschi

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

R. J. Young

University of Manchester

C. Galiotis

Universityof Patras

I. A. Kinloch

University of Manchester

V. Morandi

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

Vincenzo Palermo

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

Chalmers, Industrial and Materials Science, Materials and manufacture

2D Materials

2053-1583 (eISSN)

Vol. 6 2 025006

Subject Categories

Polymer Technologies

Materials Chemistry

Condensed Matter Physics

DOI

10.1088/2053-1583/aafc6e

More information

Latest update

4/6/2022 1