Cleavable Surfactants: A Comparison between Ester, Amide, and Carbonate as the Weak Bond
Journal article, 2019

Cleavable surfactants, i.e., surfactants in which a weak bond has deliberately been inserted into the molecule, are of interest when remaining surface-active material at a surface can cause problems. Ester and amide bonds are established as week linkages in surfactants but these generate an acid when they hydrolyze. For some applications, acidic degradation products are unwanted. Surfactants with a carbonate bond between the polar headgroup and the hydrophobic tail are of interest for such purposes. In this article, we compare the physical–chemical properties of nonionic carbonate surfactants with those of the corresponding ester and amide surfactants. The half-lives of the different cleavable surfactants are also compared and it was found that a carbonate bond is slightly more stable to alkaline hydrolysis than an ester bond when present in otherwise identical structures. A nonionic Gemini surfactant with a carbonate bond in the spacer, which on hydrolysis decomposes into two identical single-tailed nonionic amphiphiles, is also presented. The hydrolysis kinetics for this surfactant was studied in some detail and it was found that it degrades much faster at low temperature than at higher temperature. This anti-Arrhenius type of hydrolysis kinetics is proposed to be due to the reverse solubility versus temperature behavior of ethoxylated surfactants.

Surfactant

Cleavable

Gemini

Carbonate

Amphiphile

Author

Maria Stjerndahl

Nouryon

Dan Lundberg

Lund University

Vinay Chauhan

Agricultural Research Organization of Israel

Romain Bordes

Chalmers, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry

Krister Holmberg

Chalmers, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry

Journal of Surfactants and Detergents

1097-3958 (ISSN) 15589293 (eISSN)

Vol. 22 5 1139-1145

Subject Categories

Inorganic Chemistry

Physical Chemistry

Other Chemistry Topics

DOI

10.1002/jsde.12247

More information

Latest update

11/10/2019