Investigating the architecture and internal structure of the TOI-561 system planets with CHEOPS, HARPS-N, and TESS
Journal article, 2022
We present a precise characterization of the TOI-561 planetary system obtained by combining previously published data with TESS and CHEOPS photometry, and a new set of 62 HARPS-N radial velocities (RVs). Our joint analysis confirms the presence of four transiting planets, namely TOI-561 b (P = 0.45 d, R = 1.42 R-circle plus, M = 2.0 M-circle plus), c (P = 10.78 d, R = 2.91 R-circle plus, M = 5.4 M-circle plus), d (P = 25.7 d, R = 2.82 R-circle plus, M = 13.2 M-circle plus), and e (P = 77 d, R = 2.55 R-circle plus, M = 12.6 R-circle plus). Moreover, we identify an additional, long-period signal (>450 d) in the RVs, which could be due to either an external planetary companion or to stellar magnetic activity. The precise masses and radii obtained for the four planets allowed us to conduct interior structure and atmospheric escape modelling. TOI-561 b is confirmed to be the lowest density (rho(b) = 3.8 +/- 0.5 g cm(-3)) ultra-short period (USP) planet known to date, and the low metallicity of the host star makes it consistent with the general bulk density-stellar metallicity trend. According to our interior structure modelling, planet b has basically no gas envelope, and it could host a certain amount of water. In contrast, TOI-561 c, d, and e likely retained an H/He envelope, in addition to a possibly large water layer. The inferred planetary compositions suggest different atmospheric evolutionary paths, with planets b and c having experienced significant gas loss, and planets d and e showing an atmospheric content consistent with the original one. The uniqueness of the USP planet, the presence of the long-period planet TOI-561 e, and the complex architecture make this system an appealing target for follow-up studies.
stars: individual: TOI-561 (TIC 377064495, Gaia EDR3 3850421005290172416)
planets and satellites: fundamental parameters
techniques: photometric
planets and satellites: interiors
techniques: radial velocities
Author
G. Lacedelli
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
University of Padua
T. G. Wilson
University of St Andrews
L. Malavolta
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
University of Padua
M. J. Hooton
University of Bern
A. Collier Cameron
University of St Andrews
Y. Alibert
University of Bern
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
A. Mortier
University of Cambridge
A. Bonfanti
Austrian Academy of Sciences
R. D. Haywood
University of Exeter
S. Hoyer
Aix Marseille University
G. Piotto
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
University of Padua
A. Bekkelien
University of Geneva
A. M. Vanderburg
University of Wisconsin Madison
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
W. Benz
University of Bern
X. Dumusque
University of Geneva
A. Deline
University of Geneva
M. Lopez-Morales
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
L. Borsato
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
K. Rice
University of Edinburgh
L. Fossati
Austrian Academy of Sciences
D. W. Latham
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
A. Brandeker
Stockholm University
E. Poretti
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
S. G. Sousa
University of Porto
A. Sozzetti
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
S. Salmon
University of Geneva
C. J. Burke
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
V. Van Grootel
University of Liège
M. M. Fausnaugh
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
V Adibekyan
University of Porto
C. X. Huang
University of Southern Queensland
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
H. P. Osborn
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
University of Bern
A. J. Mustill
Lund University
E. Palle
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
V Bourrier
University of Geneva
V Nascimbeni
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
R. Alonso
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
G. Anglada
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC)
T. Barczy
Admatis
D. Barrado y Navascues
Spanish Astrobiology Center (INTA-CSIC)
S. C. C. Barros
University of Porto
W. Baumjohann
Austrian Academy of Sciences
M. Beck
University of Geneva
T. Beck
University of Bern
N. Billot
University of Geneva
X. Bonfils
Grenoble Alpes University
C. Broeg
University of Bern
L. A. Buchhave
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
J. Cabrera
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
S. Charnoz
Paris Descartes University
R. Cosentino
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Sz Csizmadia
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
M. B. Davies
Lund University
M. Deleuil
Aix Marseille University
L. Delrez
University of Liège
O. Demangeon
University of Porto
B. -o Demory
University of Bern
D. Ehrenreich
University of Geneva
A. Erikson
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
E. Esparza-Borges
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
H. G. Floren
Stockholm University
A. Fortier
University of Bern
Malcolm Fridlund
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
D. Futyan
University of Geneva
D. Gandolfi
University of Turin
M. Gillon
University of Liège
M. Gudel
University of Vienna
P. Guterman
Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers
Aix Marseille University
A. Harutyunyan
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
K. Heng
University of Bern
The University of Warwick
K. G. Isaak
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
J. M. Jenkins
NASA Ames Research Center
L. Kiss
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
Konkoly Observatory
J. Laskar
Sorbonne University
A. Lecavelier des Etangs
Sorbonne University
M. Lendl
University of Geneva
C. Lovis
University of Geneva
D. Magrin
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
L. Marafatto
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
A. F. Martinez Fiorenzano
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
P. F. L. Maxted
Keele University
M. Mayor
University of Geneva
G. Micela
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
E. Molinari
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
F. Murgas
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
N. Narita
Astrobiology Center, Japan
University of Tokyo
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
G. Olofsson
Stockholm University
R. Ottensamer
University of Vienna
I Pagano
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
A. Pasetti
Hasso-Plattner-Institut fur Softwaresystemtechnik GmbH
M. Pedani
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
F. A. Pepe
University of Geneva
G. Peter
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
D. F. Phillips
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
D. Pollacco
The University of Warwick
D. Queloz
University of Geneva
University of Cambridge
R. Ragazzoni
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
University of Padua
N. Rando
European Space Agency (ESA)
F. Ratti
European Space Agency (ESA)
H. Rauer
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Technische Universität Berlin
Freie Universität Berlin
I Ribas
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC)
N. C. Santos
University of Porto
D. Sasselov
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
G. Scandariato
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
S. Seager
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
D. Segransan
University of Geneva
L. M. Serrano
University of Turin
A. E. Simon
University of Bern
A. M. S. Smith
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
M. Steinberger
Austrian Academy of Sciences
M. Steller
Austrian Academy of Sciences
Gy Szabo
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
N. Thomas
University of Bern
J. D. Twicken
NASA Ames Research Center
SETI Institute
S. Udry
University of Geneva
N. Walton
University of Cambridge
J. N. Winn
Princeton University
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
0035-8711 (ISSN) 1365-2966 (eISSN)
Vol. 511 3 4551-4571Subject Categories
Inorganic Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stac199