The Forces of Ecosystem Evolution
Journal article, 2022
Ecosystems are the result of a delicate balance between centripetal forces that push economic activities toward integration, and centrifugal forces that pull economic activities out onto the market. Ecosystems evolve when these forces change. For example, technological complementarities-the main source of centripetal force-are dynamic and may be commoditized, generalized, or standardized over time. Management and coordination also change: for example, open innovation practices enable firms to move innovation activities from the in-house R&D lab out into the ecosystem. This article discusses how such dynamics in technologies and management lead to ecosystem evolution.
business model
innovation ecosystem
standard
design
complementarity
modularity
platform
business ecosystem
open innovation
Author
Marcus Holgersson
Chalmers, Technology Management and Economics, Entrepreneurship and Strategy
Carliss Y. Baldwin
Harvard Business School
Henry Chesbrough
University of California at Berkeley
Luiss Guido Carli University
Marcel L. A. M. Bogers
University of California at Berkeley
University of Copenhagen
Eindhoven University of Technology
California Management Review
0008-1256 (ISSN) 21628564 (eISSN)
Vol. 64 3 5-23Subject Categories
Economic History
Business Administration
Human Geography
DOI
10.1177/00081256221086038