External communication of automated shuttles: Results, experiences, and lessons learned from three European long-term research projects
Journal article, 2022
Automated shuttles are already seeing deployment in many places across the world and have the potential to transform public mobility to be safer and more accessible. During the current transition phase from fully manual vehicles toward higher degrees of automation and resulting mixed traffic, there is a heightened need for additional communication or external indicators to comprehend automated vehicle actions for other road users. In this work, we present and discuss the results from seven studies (three preparatory and four main studies) conducted in three European countries aimed at investigating and providing a variety of such external communication solutions to facilitate the exchange of information between automated shuttles and other motorized and non-motorized road users.
user studies
eHMI
shuttle2vehicle communication
automated shuttles
shuttle2pedestrian communication
Author
Alexander G. Mirnig
University of Salzburg
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology
Magdalena Gärtner
University of Salzburg
Peter Fröhlich
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology
Vivien Wallner
University of Salzburg
Anna Sjörs
The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI)
Chalmers, Electrical Engineering, Signal Processing and Biomedical Engineering
Anna Anund
The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI)
Stockholm University
Linköping University
Petr Pokorny
The Institute of Transport Economics (TØI)
Marjan Hagenzieker
The Institute of Transport Economics (TØI)
Torkel Bjørnskau
The Institute of Transport Economics (TØI)
Ole Aasvik
The Institute of Transport Economics (TØI)
Cansu Demir
University of Salzburg
Jakub Sypniewski
University of Salzburg
Frontiers Robotics AI
22969144 (eISSN)
Vol. 9 949135Subject Categories
Other Engineering and Technologies not elsewhere specified
Infrastructure Engineering
Human Computer Interaction
DOI
10.3389/frobt.2022.949135
PubMed
36388257