A dusty protocluster surrounding the binary galaxy HerBS-70 at z = 2.3
Journal article, 2024
We report on deep SCUBA-2 observations at 850 μm and NOrthern Extended Millimetre Array (NOEMA) spectroscopic measurements at 2 mm of the environment surrounding the luminous, massive (M∗ ≈ 2 × 1011 M☉) Herschel-selected source HerBS-70. This source was revealed by previous NOEMA observations to be a binary system of dusty star-forming galaxies at z = 2.3, with the east component (HerBS-70E) hosting an active galactic nucleus. The SCUBA-2 observations detected, in addition to the binary system, 21 sources at >3.5σ over an area of ∼25 square comoving Mpc with a sensitivity of 1σ850 = 0.75 mJy. The surface density of continuum sources around HerBS-70 is three times higher than for field galaxies. The NOEMA spectroscopic measurements confirm the protocluster membership of three of the nine brightest sources through their CO(4–3) line emission, yielding a volume density 36 times higher than for field galaxies. All five confirmed sub-mm galaxies in the HerBS-70 system have relatively short gas depletion times (80−500 Myr), indicating the onset of quenching for this protocluster core due to the depletion of gas. The dark matter halo mass of the HerBS-70 system is estimated around 5 × 1013 M☉, with a projected current-day mass of 1015 M☉, similar to the local Virgo and Coma clusters. These observations support the claim that DSFGs, in particular the ones with observed multiplicity, can trace cosmic overdensities.
submillimetre: galaxies
galaxies: evolution
galaxies: high-redshift
galaxies: clusters: general
Author
Tom Bakx
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
Nagoya University
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
S. Berta
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
H. Dannerbauer
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
P. Cox
Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris
K. M. Butler
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Masato Hagimoto
Nagoya University
D. Hughes
National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
D. A. Riechers
University of Cologne
P. van der Werf
Leiden University
Chentao Yang
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
A. J. Baker
University of the Western Cape
Rutgers University
A. Beelen
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
G. J. Bendo
University of Manchester
E. Borsato
University of Padua
V. Buat
Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)
A. Cooray
University of California at Irvine (UCI)
L. Dunne
Cardiff University
S. Dye
University of Nottingham
S. Eales
Cardiff University
R. Gavazzi
University of Cambridge
Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris
A. I. Harris
University of Maryland
D. Ismail
Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)
R. J. Ivison
European Southern Observatory (ESO)
B. M. Jones
University of Manchester
M. Krips
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
M. Lehnert
École Normale Supérieure de Lyon
L. Marchetti
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
University of Cape Town
H. Messias
European Southern Observatory Santiago
Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA)
M. Negrello
Cardiff University
R. Neri
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
A.A. Omont
Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris
I. Perez-Fournon
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
A. Nanni
Narodowe Centrum Badan Jadrowych
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
N. Chartab
University of California
Carnegie Observatories
Leiden University
S. Serjeant
Open University
F. Stanley
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Y. Tamura
Nagoya University
S. Urquhart
Open University
C. Vlahakis
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
A. Weiß
Max Planck Society
A. J. Young
Rutgers University
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
00358711 (ISSN) 13652966 (eISSN)
Vol. 530 4 4578-4596The Origin and Fate of Dust in Our Universe
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2020.0081), 2021-07-01 -- 2026-06-30.
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2019.0443), 2020-06-01 -- 2023-05-31.
Subject Categories
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stae1155