Evaluation of selected Fe–Cr steels under single- and dual-atmosphere conditions for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell interconnect applications

Journal article, 2024

For Intermediate-Temperature SOFC, the lower operating temperature allows for a broader range of steel grades to be used as interconnects. This work compares the oxidation performances of six Cr2O3-forming steels and one Al2O3-forming steel, under single- and dual-atmosphere conditions. Single-atmosphere exposures in combination with Cr(VI) evaporation measurements were carried out at 600 °C. Except for AISI 430 all the Cr2O3-forming steels showed protective behaviour with similar Cr(VI) evaporation values and low area specific resistance (ASR) values. Kanthal EF101 showed the lowest level of Cr(VI) vaporisation but substantially higher ASR values. Dual-atmosphere exposures were carried out at 600 °C in Ar-5%H2–3%H2O//air-3%H2O. All Cr2O3-forming steels suffered various degrees of breakaway corrosion. Therefore, operation under dual-atmosphere conditions is likely the life-time-limiting failure mode.