Atmospheric composition change: Ecosystems-Atmosphere interactions
Journal article, 2009
Ecosystems and the atmosphere: This review describes the state of understanding the processes involved in the exchange of trace gases and aerosols between the earth's surface and the atmosphere. The gases covered include NO, NO2, HONO, HNO3, NH3, SO2, DMS, Biogenic VOC, O3, CH4, N2O and particles in the size range 1nm-10μm including organic and inorganic chemical species. The main focus of the review is on the exchange between terrestrial ecosystems, both managed and natural and the atmosphere, although some new developments in ocean-atmosphere exchange are included. The material presented is biased towards the last decade, but includes earlier work, where more recent developments are limited or absent. New methodologies and instrumentation have enabled, if not driven technical advances in measurement. These developments have advanced the process understanding and upscaling of fluxes, especially for particles, VOC and NH3. Examples of these applications include mass spectrometric methods, such as Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS) adapted for field measurement of atmosphere-surface fluxes using micrometeorological methods for chemically resolved aerosols. Also briefly described are some advances in theory and techniques in micrometeorology. For some of the compounds there have been paradigm shifts in approach and application of both techniques and assessment. These include flux measurements over marine surfaces and urban areas using micrometeorological methods and the up-scaling of flux measurements using aircraft and satellite remote sensing. The application of a flux-based approach in assessment of O3 effects on vegetation at regional scales is an important policy linked development secured through improved quantification of fluxes. The coupling of monitoring, modelling and intensive flux measurement at a continental scale within the NitroEurope network represents a quantum development in the application of research teams to address the underpinning science of reactive nitrogen in the cycling between ecosystems and the atmosphere in Europe. Some important developments of the science have been applied to assist in addressing policy questions, which have been the main driver of the research agenda, while other developments in understanding have not been applied to their wider field especially in chemistry-transport models through deficiencies in obtaining appropriate data to enable application or inertia within the modelling community. The paper identifies applications, gaps and research questions that have remained intractable at least since 2000 within the specialized sections of the paper, and where possible these have been focussed on research questions for the coming decade.
Biogenic emissions
Trace gas fluxes
Dry deposition
Compensation points
Resuspension
Author
D. Fowler
UK Centre For Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH)
K. Pilegaard
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
M. A. Sutton
UK Centre For Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH)
P. Ambus
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
M. Raivonen
University of Helsinki
J. Duyzer
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)
David Simpson
Chalmers, Department of Radio and Space Science, Global Environmental Measurements and Modelling
H. Fagerli
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
S. Fuzzi
Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche
J.K. Schjoerring
University of Copenhagen
C. Granier
NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
University of Colorado at Boulder
Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC)
A. Neftel
Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Reckenholz-Tanikon
I.S.A. Isaksen
Cicero Senter for klimaforskning
University of Oslo
P. Laj
Observatoire de Physique du Globe Clermont Ferrand (OPGC)
Grenoble Alpes University
M. Maione
University of Urbino
P.S. Monks
University Of Leicester
J. Burkhardt
University of Bonn
U. Daemmgen
Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Landwirtschaft
J. Neirynck
Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels
E. Personne
INRA Centre de Recherche de Versailles-Grignon
R. Wichink-Kruit
Wageningen University and Research
K. Butterbach-Bahl
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
C. R. Flechard
INRA Centre de Rennes
J.P. Tuovinen
Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
M. Coyle
UK Centre For Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH)
G. Gerosa
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
B. Loubet
INRA Centre de Recherche de Versailles-Grignon
N. Altimir
University of Helsinki
L. Gruenhage
Justus Liebig University Giessen
C. Ammann
Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Reckenholz-Tanikon
S. Cieslik
Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission
E Paoletti
Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante. IPSP-CNR
T.N. Mikkelsen
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
H. Ro-Poulsen
University of Copenhagen
P. Cellier
INRA Centre de Recherche de Versailles-Grignon
J. N. Cape
UK Centre For Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH)
L. Horvath
Hungarian Meteorological Service
F. Loreto
Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche
U Niinemets
Estonian University of Life Sciences
P.I. Palmer
University of Edinburgh
J. Rinne
University of Helsinki
P. Misztal
UK Centre For Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH)
E. Nemitz
UK Centre For Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH)
Daniel Nilsson
Stockholm University
S. Pryor
Indiana University
M.W. Gallagher
University of Manchester
T Vesala
University of Helsinki
U. M. Skiba
UK Centre For Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH)
N. Bruggemann
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
S. Zechmeister-Boltenstern
Das Bundesforschungs- und Ausbildungszentrum fur Wald, Naturgefahren und Landschaft
J. Williams
Max Planck Society
C. O'Dowd
National University of Ireland
M. C. Facchini
Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche
G. de Leeuw
Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
A. Flossman
Observatoire de Physique du Globe Clermont Ferrand (OPGC)
N. Chaumerliac
Observatoire de Physique du Globe Clermont Ferrand (OPGC)
J. W. Erisman
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
Atmospheric Environment
1352-2310 (ISSN) 1873-2844 (eISSN)
Vol. 43 33 5193-5267Subject Categories
Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences
Ecology
Environmental Sciences
DOI
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.068