Water in Star-forming Regions with the Herschel Space Observatory (WISH). I. Overview of Key Program and First Results
Journal article, 2011
Water In Star-forming regions with Herschel (WISH) is a key program on the Herschel Space Observatory designed to probe the physical and chemical structures of young stellar objects using water and related molecules and to follow the water abundance from collapsing clouds to planet-forming disks. About 80 sources are targeted, covering a wide ranee of luminosities-from low (< 1 L-circle dot) to high (> 10(5) L-circle dot)-and a wide range of evolutionary stages-from cold prestellar cores to warm protostellar envelopes and outflows to disks around young stars. Both the HIFI and PACS instruments are used to observe a variety of lines of H2O, (H2O)-O-18 and chemically related species at the source position and in small maps around the protostars and selected outflow positions. In addition, high-frequency lines of CO, (CO)-C-13, and (CO)-O-18 are obtained with Herschel and are complemented by ground-based observations of dust continuum, HDO, CO and its isotopologs, and other molecules to ensure a self-consistent data set for analysis. An overview of the scientific motivation and observational strategy of the program is given, together with the modeling approach and analysis tools that have been developed. Initial science results are presented. These include a lack of water in cold gas at abundances that are lower than most predictions, strong water emission from shocks in protostellar environments, the importance of UV radiation in heating the gas along outflow walls across the full range of luminosities, and surprisingly widespread detection of the chemically related hydrides OH+ and H2O+ in outflows and foreground gas. Quantitative estimates of the energy budget indicate that H2O is generally not the dominant coolant in the warm dense gas associated with protostars. Very deep limits on the cold gaseous water reservoir in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks are obtained that have profound implications for our understanding of grain growth and mixing in disks.
protostellar shock
young stellar objects
France.
wave-astronomy-satellite
l1157-b1
ngc-7129 firs 2
chess spectral survey
h2o
molecular clouds
Floirac
Victoria
low-mass protostars
Herzberg Inst Astrophys
far-infrared observations
hot cores
UMR 5804
vela
D.] Natl Res Council Canada
[Johnstone
gas-phase
RS INSU
Author
E. F. van Dishoeck
Leiden University
Max Planck Society
L. Kristensen
Leiden University
A. O. Benz
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH)
E. A. Bergin
University of Michigan
P. Caselli
University of Leeds
Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
J. Cernicharo
Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB)
F. Herpin
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
M. R. Hogerheijde
Leiden University
D. Johnstone
National Research Council Canada
University of Victoria
René Liseau
Chalmers, Earth and Space Sciences, Radio Astronomy and Astrophysics
B. Nisini
Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
R. Shipman
Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON)
M. Tafalla
Spanish National Observatory (OAN)
F. F. S. van der Tak
University of Groningen
Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON)
F. Wyrowski
Max Planck Society
Y. Aikawa
Kobe University
R. Bachiller
Spanish National Observatory (OAN)
A. Baudry
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
M. Benedettini
University of Rome Tor Vergata
Per Bjerkeli
Chalmers, Earth and Space Sciences, Radio Astronomy and Astrophysics
G. A. Blake
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
S. Bontemps
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
J. Braine
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
C. Brinch
Leiden University
S. Bruderer
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH)
L. Chavarría
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
C. Codella
Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
F. Daniel
Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB)
T. de Graauw
Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON)
E. Deul
Leiden University
A. M. di Giorgio
University of Rome Tor Vergata
C. Dominik
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
Radboud University
S. Doty
Denison University
M. L. Dubernet
Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC)
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
P. Encrenaz
LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matiere en Astrophysique et Atmospheres
H. Feuchtgruber
Max Planck Society
M. Fich
University of Waterloo
W. Frieswijk
Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON)
A. Fuente
Spanish National Observatory (OAN)
T. Giannini
Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
J. R. Goicoechea
Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB)
F. P. Helmich
Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON)
G. J. Herczeg
Max Planck Society
T. Jacq
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
J. K. Jorgensen
University of Copenhagen
A. Karska
Max Planck Society
M. J. Kaufman
San Jose State University
E. Keto
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
B. Larsson
Stockholm University
B. Lefloch
Grenoble Alpes University
D. Lis
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
M. Marseille
Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON)
C. McCoey
Western University
University of Waterloo
G. J. Melnick
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
D. A. Neufeld
Johns Hopkins University
Michael Olberg
Chalmers, Earth and Space Sciences, Onsala Space Observatory
L. Pagani
LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matiere en Astrophysique et Atmospheres
O. Panic
European Southern Observatory (ESO)
B. Parise
Max Planck Society
J. C. Pearson
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
R. Plume
University of Calgary
C. Risacher
Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON)
D. Salter
Leiden University
J. Santiago-García
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
P. Saraceno
University of Rome Tor Vergata
P. Stauber
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH)
T. A. van Kempen
Leiden University
R. Visser
Leiden University
S. Viti
University College London (UCL)
M. Walmsley
Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
S. F. Wampfler
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH)
U. A. Yildiz
Leiden University
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
0004-6280 (ISSN) 1538-3873 (eISSN)
Vol. 123 900 138-170Subject Categories (SSIF 2011)
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
DOI
10.1086/658676