Chemical assessment of ballast water exchange compliance: Implementation in North America and New Zealand
Journal article, 2016

Fluorescence by naturally occurring dissolved organic matter (FDOM) is a sensitive indicator of ballast water source, with high FDOM in coastal ballast water decreasing typically dramatically when replaced by oceanic seawater during ballast water exchange (BWE). In this study, FDOM was measured in 92 ships arriving at Pacific ports on the US west coast and in New Zealand, and used to assess their compliance with ballast water regulations that required 95% replacement of port water to minimize invasive species risks. Fluorescence in many ships that reported BWE was significantly higher than is usual for oceanic seawater, and in several cases, significantly higher than in other ships with similar provenance and ballast water management. Pre-exchange source port conditions represented the largest source of uncertainty in the analysis, because residual coastal FDOM when highly fluorescent can significantly influence the fluorescence signature of exchanged ballast water. A meta-analysis comparing the intensities of FDOM in un-exchanged ballast tanks with calculated pre-exchange intensities assuming that ships all correctly implemented and reported BWE revealed notable discrepancies. Thus, the incidence of high-FDOM port waters was seven times lower in reality than would be expected on the basis of these calculations. The results suggest that a significant rate of reporting errors occur due to a combination of factors that may include inadequate BWE and unintentional or deliberate misreporting of ballast water management.

Ballast water exchange

Invasion vectors

FDOM

Pacific Ocean

invasive species

Fluorescence spectroscopy

Ballast water management

Author

Monaca Noble

Smithsonian Environmental Research Center

Gregory Ruiz

Smithsonian Environmental Research Center

Kathleen Murphy

Chalmers, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Environment Technology

Frontiers in Marine Science

2296-7745 (eISSN)

Vol. 3 MAY 66

Driving Forces

Sustainable development

Areas of Advance

Transport

Subject Categories

Water Engineering

Environmental Sciences

DOI

10.3389/fmars.2016.00066

More information

Created

10/8/2017