Unsteady simulations in train aerodynamics

Journal article, 2014

This paper presents the present status of unsteady simulations in train aerodynamics. The approaches range from large-eddy simulation, hybrid RANS-LES in the form of detached-eddy simulations and partially-averaged Navier-Stokes to unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes. Use of a hybrid technique called partially-averaged Navier-Stokes is discussed. Applications of different techniques are illustrated with examples from predictions of flows around generic train vehicles. Numerical prediction of crosswind stability and flow control of train-like vehicles is discussed.